What is a Streams volume of flow per unit of time?
Discharge. a stream's volume of flow per unit of time, calculated by multiplying 3 variables measured at a given cross section of the channel. Q=wdv.
What is a drainage divide quizlet?
drainage divide. extensive mountain and highland regions separating drainage basins, sending flows in to the major bodies of water. watershed. a large area where all of the water that is under or on it drains in to the same place. fluvial.
How does stream gradient change in the downstream direction?
As one moves along a stream in the downstream direction:
- Discharge increases, as noted above, because water is added to the stream from tributary streams and groundwater.
- As discharge increases, the width, depth, and average velocity of the stream increase.
- The gradient of the stream, however, will decrease.
Nov 2, 2015
How does gradient impact stream flow?
The higher the gradient, the faster the stream flows. Channel shape and texture. The shape and roughness of the channel also affect the velocity of the flowing water.
What is stream gradient?
Stream gradient refers to the slope of the stream's channel, or rise over run. It is the vertical drop of the stream over a horizontal distance.
What is the unit of volume flow rate?
meters cubed per second In S.I. units (International System of Units), volume flow rate has units of meters cubed per second, m 3 s dfrac{text m^3}{text s} sm3start fraction, start text, m, end text, cubed, divided by, start text, s, end text, end fraction, since it tells you the number of cubic meters of fluid that flow per second.
What is a ridgeline divide?
In topography, a drainage divide, water divide, divide, ridgeline, watershed, water parting or height of land is elevated terrain that separates neighboring drainage basins.
What is trunk stream?
In hydrology, a mainstem (or trunk) is "the primary downstream segment of a river, as contrasted to its tributaries". Water enters the mainstem from the river's drainage basin, the land area through which the mainstem and its tributaries flow.
How is stream gradient measured?
Gradient = vertical difference in elevation / horizontal distance. So, to calculate the average gradient along the stream from the red dot at B to the red dot at A (or vice versa) two facts need to be known: The difference in elevation between B and A. The distance along the stream from B to A.
What is meant by stream gradient?
Stream gradient refers to the slope of the stream's channel, or rise over run. It is the vertical drop of the stream over a horizontal distance.
What is channel gradient?
The channel gradient is a fundamental parameter in the geomorphologic characterisation of river systems; it is a reflection of the changes in the longitudinal sequence of a river through the presence of waterfalls, step pools (fasts and pools), riffle pools (rapids and pools), etc., which makes it a discriminating …
What is unit for velocity?
Velocity is a vector expression of the displacement that an object or particle undergoes with respect to time . The standard unit of velocity magnitude (also known as speed ) is the meter per second (m/s).
What is volumetric flow and mass flow rate?
As it is commonly known, Mass flow measures the number of molecules in a flowing gas, whereas volumetric flow measures the space that those molecules occupy. As gases are compressible and widely affected by temperature, volumetric flow rates can significantly change depending on pressure and/or temperature changes.
Why is it called watershed divide?
A watershed starts at the highest points on the landscape, like mountain peaks and ridgelines that divide one valley or drainage from another. The imaginary line that connects those high points is called the watershed divide.
What is stream divide?
A divide is the elevated boundary between areas that are drained by different river systems.
What is the longitudinal profile?
The longitudinal profile characterizes average stream slopes and depths of riffles, pools, runs, glides, rapids, and steps. The average water surface slope is required for delineating stream types and is used as a normalization parameter for developing ratios (Figure 12).
What is the means of trunk?
Definition of trunk 1a : the main stem of a tree apart from limbs and roots. — called also bole. b(1) : the human or animal body apart from the head, neck, and appendages : torso. (2) : the thorax of an insect. c : the central part of anything specifically : the shaft of a column or pilaster.
What are the units of gradient?
The units of a gradient depend on the units of the x-axis and y-axis. As the gradient is calculated by dividing the y-difference by the x-difference then the units of gradient are the units of the y axis divided by the units of the x-axis.
What is channel slope?
Channel Slope means longitudinal stream bed profile or the vertical drop of the stream bed from up- stream to downstream in relationship to adjacent floodplain features.
What headwater means?
Definition of headwater : the source of a stream —usually used in plural.
What is the slope of the stream?
The slope of a stream measures the vertical distance that a stream drops over a given horizontal length. The slope is usually shown as a percentage.
What is velocity also known as?
Velocity is a vector expression of the displacement that an object or particle undergoes with respect to time . The standard unit of velocity magnitude (also known as speed ) is the meter per second (m/s). Alternatively, the centimeter per second (cm/s) can be used to express velocity magnitude.
What unit is displacement?
meter (m) Displacement (symbolized d or s ), also called length or distance, is a one-dimensional quantity representing the separation between two defined points. The standard unit of displacement in the International System of Units ( SI ) is the meter (m).
What is volumetric flow rate unit?
Volumetric flow is the measure of a substance moving through a device over time. Standard units of measurement for volumetric flow rate are meters3 /second, milliliters/second, or feet3/hour.
What is unit of flow rate?
The flow rate units are volume per unit time. The standard metric unit is meter square per seconds m3/s m 3 / s .
What is called watershed?
A watershed is an area of land that drains or “sheds” water into a specific waterbody. Every body of water has a watershed. Watersheds drain rainfall and snowmelt into streams and rivers. These smaller bodies of water flow into larger ones, including lakes, bays, and oceans.
What does watershed mean?
It's a land area that channels rainfall and snowmelt to creeks, streams, and rivers, and eventually to outflow points such as reservoirs, bays, and the ocean.
What is an outflow point?
What is the outflow point? All of the land that drains water to the outflow point. Why are watershed important? Streamflow and the water quality of a river area affected by things,human-induced or not happening in the land area above the river outflow point.
What is transverse profile?
A transverse profile of a valley or a watershed can be defined as a distance–elevation plot along a line orthogonal to the direction of the trunk stream. The shape of transverse profiles has been related to dominant erosional processes (e.g., Svensson, 1959, Laity and Malin, 1985, Baker, 1990, Schumm et al., 1995).
What is cross section and longitudinal section?
Longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies are two different types of research design. In a cross-sectional study you collect data from a population at a specific point in time; in a longitudinal study you repeatedly collect data from the same sample over an extended period of time.