What is affected by temperature and salinity?
Temperature and salinity affect water density. Cold water is denser than warm water. Freshwater is less dense than seawater. The ocean has a complex circulation system called the Global Ocean Conveyor.
How does temperature and salinity affect the stability of water?
Salinity (along with temperature) affects the density and thus stability of the water column. This in turn profoundly affects many biological processes in the upper ocean. Saltier water is more dense and thus tends to sink below fresher water.
What is the relationship between temperature salinity and density in the ocean?
The warmer the water, the more space it takes up, and the lower its density. When comparing two samples of water with the same salinity, or mass, the water sample with the higher temperature will have a greater volume, and it will therefore be less dense.
How does salinity affect the ocean?
Salinity can affect the density of ocean water: Water that has higher salinity is denser and heavier and will sink underneath less saline, warmer water. This can affect the movement of ocean currents. It can also affect marine life, which may need to regulate its intake of saltwater.
How is ocean temperature and salinity related quizlet?
How does temperature affect salinity? As temperature increases, the space between water molecules increases—also known as density, which therefore decreases.
How might water temperature and salinity impact the composition of plankton in an area?
The impact of higher temperature enhanced the growth of most phytoplankton traits, and higher CO2 and lower salinity affected phytoplankton traits differently or between experiments.
How does temperature affect ocean currents?
Warming temperatures result in weakened currents. If the water at the poles is not as cold and dense, it simply won't be able to circulate as well. Additionally, the melting of the Greenland continental ice sheet is pouring freshwater into the salty ocean, again altering the density of the water masses.
Why is the temperature important in the ocean?
Increases in sea surface temperature have led to an increase in the amount of atmospheric water vapor over the oceans. This water vapor feeds weather systems that produce precipitation, increasing the risk of heavy rain and snow (see the Heavy Precipitation and Tropical Cyclone Activity indicators).
How do temperature salinity and density affect ocean structure?
Dense water sinks below less dense water. This is the principle that drives the deep ocean currents that circulate around the world. A combination of high salinity and low temperature near the surface makes seawater dense enough to sink into the deep ocean and flow along the bottom of the basins.
How does temperature affect ocean water density?
Temperature changes effect seawater density: as water cools its density increases. As water cools, H2O molecules pack more closely together (because the molecules are vibrating less at lower temperatures) and take up less volume. The same number of water molecules in smaller volume results in a higher density.
How do temperature and salinity affect seawater density quizlet?
How are the properties of seawater interrelated? Temperature influences density. For pure water, density increases as the temperature decreases. Salinity influences this relationship in that the saltier the water, the denser it becomes.
What impact do temperature and salinity have on density quizlet?
Salinity and temperature affect seawater density; if you increase salinity, you increase density, and if you increase temperature, you increase density.
How does water temperature affect plankton?
In addition, under non-limiting nutrient conditions, an increase in water temperature increases phytoplankton nutrient uptake (49,50). Moreover, phytoplankton growth rates increases with increasing of temperature, almost doubling with each 10°C increase in temperature (Q10 temperature coefficient) (51).
How does ocean salinity affect phytoplankton?
Results confirm salinity as a strong determinant of phytoplankton diversity, while also demonstrating the importance of nutrient supply, where species richness decreased with increasing salinity and increased with nutrient enrichment.
How does temperature and density affect salinity?
The density of water increases as the salinity increases. The density of seawater (salinity greater than 24.7) increases as temperature decreases at all temperatures above the freezing point. The density of seawater is increased by increasing pressure.
What are two factors that affect the salinity of ocean water?
Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these "salinity raising" factors are continually counterbalanced by processes that decrease salinity such as the continuous input of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice.
How does temperature affect the ocean?
Heat (along with salt) is a major source of power for ocean currents. Cold water near the North and South Poles sinks deeper into the ocean. Water near the equator is warmed by the Sun. Then, the warm surface water moves closer to the poles where it cools and sinks.
How does temperature affect the density of ocean water?
Temperature changes effect seawater density: as water cools its density increases. As water cools, H2O molecules pack more closely together (because the molecules are vibrating less at lower temperatures) and take up less volume. The same number of water molecules in smaller volume results in a higher density.
Does salinity increase with temperature?
With increasing temperature, salinity decreases….and conversely, with decreasing temperature, salinity increases.
How does temperature affect ocean?
Heat (along with salt) is a major source of power for ocean currents. Cold water near the North and South Poles sinks deeper into the ocean. Water near the equator is warmed by the Sun. Then, the warm surface water moves closer to the poles where it cools and sinks.
How do these changes in temperature salinity result in the movement of ocean water currents?
As the seawater gets saltier, its density increases, and it starts to sink. Surface water is pulled in to replace the sinking water, which in turn eventually becomes cold and salty enough to sink. This initiates the deep-ocean currents driving the global conveyer belt.
How are temperature salinity and density related quizlet?
How is density affected by temperature and salinity? Increasing salinity also increases the density of sea water. Less dense water floats on top of more dense water. Given two layers of water with the same salinity, the warmer water will float on top of the colder water.
How do the salinity and temperature in the ocean vary quizlet?
In the deep zone, water is always extremely cold. Rainfall decreases salinity near the surface, while evaporation increases salinity in the warm, dry areas. Below the surface zone, salinity remains fairly constant throughout the water column. Pressure increases with depth.
How does salinity affect plankton?
Results confirm salinity as a strong determinant of phytoplankton diversity, while also demonstrating the importance of nutrient supply, where species richness decreased with increasing salinity and increased with nutrient enrichment.
How does temperature affect plankton?
In addition, under non-limiting nutrient conditions, an increase in water temperature increases phytoplankton nutrient uptake (49,50). Moreover, phytoplankton growth rates increases with increasing of temperature, almost doubling with each 10°C increase in temperature (Q10 temperature coefficient) (51).
What is salinity of the ocean?
Sea water salinity is expressed as a ratio of salt (in grams) to liter of water. In sea water there is typically close to 35 grams of dissolved salts in each liter. It is written as 35 ‰ The normal range of ocean salinity ranges between 33-37 grams per liter (33‰ – 37‰).
What happens to salinity as temperature increases?
With increasing temperature, salinity decreases….and conversely, with decreasing temperature, salinity increases.
What’s the relationship between the temperature and the density of a substance?
The relation between density and temperature is inversely proportional. Change in density will be reflected in a change in temperature and vise-versa.
Is salinity temperature dependent?
As a general rule the solubility of most rocks and minerals increases with temperature, salinity is lower in colder parts of the ocean and higher in warmer parts. The average global ocean salinity is around 35 parts per thousand, or 3.5%. In certain situations, highly saline lakes can also form on land.
Which factor affects the temperature of ocean water?
The temperature of ocean water varies by location – both in terms of latitude and depth, due to variations in solar radiation and the physical properties of water.