What is formed when peridotite undergoes partial melting?
How mantle peridotite can melt to form basalt. -when the hot rock of a plume reaches the base of the lithosphere decompressions causes the rock (peridotite) of the plume to undergo partial melting – generating mafic magma.
What kind of magma is made the partial melting of mantle peridotite?
most basaltic magma originates from partial melting of ultramafic rock (peridotite).
What does partial melting produce?
A process known as partial melting generates the molten rock , known as magma , that cools to form crystalline rocks in the earth's outer compositional layer, or its crust .
Which rock is formed by partial melting?
Virtually all of the igneous rocks that we see on Earth are derived from magmas that formed from partial melting of existing rock, either in the upper mantle or the crust.
Where does partial melting occur in the mantle?
This is what constrains the rock from melting – about the closest it normally gets to melting is in a part of the upper mantle known as the “seismic low velocity zone”, or aesthenosphere, where the rock is “on the verge” of partial melting, and so behaves in a more ductile manner.
How partial melting of a mantle plume produces magma?
Magma from partial melting of mantle rocks rises upward through the mantle, and may pool at the base of the crust, or rise through the crust. Moving magma carries heat with it, and some of that heat is transferred to surrounding rocks.
How is magma formed from partial melting?
The magma that is produced by partial melting is less dense than the surrounding rock. Magma from partial melting of mantle rocks rises upward through the mantle, and may pool at the base of the crust, or rise through the crust.
How is peridotite formed?
Peridotite is derived from Earth's mantle, either as solid blocks and fragments, or as crystals accumulated from magmas that formed in the mantle. The compositions of peridotites from these layered igneous complexes vary widely, reflecting the relative proportions of pyroxenes, chromite, plagioclase, and amphibole.
Why does partial melting occur quizlet?
Partial melting occurs in rocks because the different minerals that compose rocks have different melting points. The melt take the compostion of the heated minerals, while the solid parent rocks remains with the solid minerals that did not melt.
Where do you find peridotite?
Layered intrusions with cumulate peridotite are typically associated with sulfide or chromite ores. Sulfides associated with peridotites form nickel ores and platinoid metals; most of the platinum used in the world today is mined from the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa and the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe.
What is partial melting?
Definition. Partial melting is the transformation of some fraction of the mass of a solid rock into a liquid as a result of decompression, heat input, or addition of a flux.
What is partial melting quizlet?
Partial melting is the transformation of some fraction of the mass of a solid rock into a liquid as a result of decompression, heat input, or addition of a flux.
What minerals make up peridotite?
peridotite, a coarse-grained, dark-coloured, heavy, intrusive igneous rock that contains at least 10 percent olivine, other iron- and magnesia-rich minerals (generally pyroxenes), and not more than 10 percent feldspar.
Where does peridotite occur?
Peridotite is the dominant rock of the upper part of Earth's mantle. The compositions of peridotite nodules found in certain basalts are of special interest along with diamond pipes (kimberlite), because they provide samples of Earth's mantle brought up from depths ranging from about 30 km to 200 km or more.
Where does partial melting occur quizlet?
Partial melting occurs in the crust and upper mantle.
What is peridotite quizlet?
peridotite. A coarse-grained ultramafic intrusive igneous rock composed of olivine with small amounts of pyroxene and amphibole. The dominant rock in Earth's mantle and the source rock of basaltic melts. pegmatite.
What is in a peridotite?
peridotite, a coarse-grained, dark-coloured, heavy, intrusive igneous rock that contains at least 10 percent olivine, other iron- and magnesia-rich minerals (generally pyroxenes), and not more than 10 percent feldspar.
What is partial melting of magma?
Partial melting is the transformation of some fraction of the mass of a solid rock into a liquid as a result of decompression, heat input, or addition of a flux. The resulting liquid is called magma and becomes lava if it erupts from a volcano.
How is peridotite rock formed?
Some of the occurrences of peridotite on Earth's surface are thought to be rocks from the mantle that have been brought up from depth by deep-source magmas. Ophiolites and pipes are two structures that have brought mantle peridotite to the surface. Peridotite is also found in the igneous rocks of sills and dikes.
How is a peridotite formed?
Peridotite is derived from Earth's mantle, either as solid blocks and fragments, or as crystals accumulated from magmas that formed in the mantle. The compositions of peridotites from these layered igneous complexes vary widely, reflecting the relative proportions of pyroxenes, chromite, plagioclase, and amphibole.
What elements make up peridotite?
peridotite, a coarse-grained, dark-coloured, heavy, intrusive igneous rock that contains at least 10 percent olivine, other iron- and magnesia-rich minerals (generally pyroxenes), and not more than 10 percent feldspar.