What is the difference between a volcanic island chain forming over a hot spot rather than a volcanic island cluster quizlet?
hot spot hot mantle rises and melts forming magma into the overlying plate, above the hot spot moving relative to the hot spot constructing a chain of volcanoes. if a plate is not moving or is moving very slowly–hot spots form cluster of volcanic islands and sea-mounts instead of a linear chain..
What is the biggest difference between hot spot volcanism in an island chain and plate tectonic volcanism in an island chain?
What is the biggest difference between hot-spot volcanism in an island chain and plate tectonic volcanism in an island chain? Hot spots have age trends; hot spot volcanoes move as the plate moves, producing a line of volcanoes of different ages.
What are Hot spots and how are they related to plate tectonics?
Earth > Power of Plate Tectonics > Hot Spots A hot spot is an intensely hot area in the mantle below Earth's crust. The heat that fuels the hot spot comes from very deep in the planet. This heat causes the mantle in that region to melt. The molten magma rises up and breaks through the crust to form a volcano.
How do Hot spots provide evidence of continental drift?
The large amounts of molten rock spewed forth cools forming new landmasses. The Earth's crust is made up of giant tectonic plates which are constantly moving. As a tectonic plate moves over a volcanic hot spot, the intermittent eruptions create a chain of new lands.
Why will a chain of islands form due to a hot spot rather than one island?
While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot, the string of islands that make up the Hawaiian Island chain were formed. The Hawaiian Islands form an archipelago that extends over a vast area of the North Pacific Ocean.
Why will a chain of islands form due to a hotspot rather than one island?
The hotspot stays in the same place but because the plate above it moves over time this creates a chain of islands (if moving quickly or a cluster if rotating slowly around the hotspot- the Canary Islands), with the oldest being the furthest away from the hotspot and the youngest, active volcanic islands located above …
How are hotspot volcanoes different from other volcanoes?
Hot spot volcanism is unique because it does not occur at the boundaries of Earth's tectonic plates, where all other volcanism occurs. Instead it occurs at abnormally hot centers known as mantle plumes.
How do hotspots cause volcanoes?
These so-called “hotspot” volcanoes are created when a narrow stream of hot mantle rises up from deep inside the earth and melts a hole in the plate so that the magma can ooze upward. The Hawaiian islands, for example, are a result of hotspot volcano formations near the center of the giant Pacific plate.
How do hotspots form volcanoes?
These so-called “hotspot” volcanoes are created when a narrow stream of hot mantle rises up from deep inside the earth and melts a hole in the plate so that the magma can ooze upward. The Hawaiian islands, for example, are a result of hotspot volcano formations near the center of the giant Pacific plate.
Why do hotspot volcanoes form in lines?
A line of volcanoes develops as a plate moves over a hotspot, much as a line of melted wax forms as a sheet of waxed paper is moved slowly over a burning candle. Several National Park Service sites lie above hotspots, or within volcanic regions formed as plates moved over a hotspot.
How do hotspot volcanoes form?
These so-called “hotspot” volcanoes are created when a narrow stream of hot mantle rises up from deep inside the earth and melts a hole in the plate so that the magma can ooze upward. The Hawaiian islands, for example, are a result of hotspot volcano formations near the center of the giant Pacific plate.
How does the study of hotspots and the chain of volcanoes created by them support plate tectonic theory?
The lava cools down and forms a volcano. The hot spot itself never changes position, but the tectonic plates are constantly moving, so the volcano formed will "move" along with the tectonic plate to the direction where ever the tectonic plate is heading, but at the same time the hot spot doesn't stop producing lava.
What can cause a chain of volcanic islands to form far from plate boundaries?
places where volcanic island chains form far from tectonic plate boundaries. At a hot spot, magma rises from deep within the Earth and eventually builds an island. As the oceanic plate moves, a new part of the crust is positioned over the hot spot and the process of island building begins again.
How are island chains formed?
As a crustal tectonic plates move over hot spots mantle material upwells and erupts on the surface of the plate to form a volcano, seamount or volcanic island. The islands and seamounts of the Hawaiian Archipelago were created by a hot spot under the Pacific Plate that has been active for the past 41 million years.
Why do hotspots form volcanic island chains quizlet?
An island chain is formed when Earth's plates move over a hot spot. Magma is pushed through the plate and creates an underwater volcanic mountain. The mountain grows and forms an island.
What do hotspots cause?
Hot Spots. A hot spot is an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma. The magma plume causes melting and thinning of the rocky crust and widespread volcanic activity.
What makes hotspot volcanoes different?
Hot spot volcanism is unique because it does not occur at the boundaries of Earth's tectonic plates, where all other volcanism occurs. Instead it occurs at abnormally hot centers known as mantle plumes.
How hotspot island chains are developed?
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot, the string of islands that make up the Hawaiian Island chain were formed.
What does a chain of hot spot volcanoes tell you about the direction a plate is moving?
Hot spots are areas where magma pushes up from deep Earth to form volcanoes—and can be used to determine how fast tectonic plates move. New results from geophysicist Richard Gordon and his team confirm that groups of hot spots around the globe can be used to determine how fast tectonic plates move.
Why did hotspot volcanoes cause a problem when the original theory of plate tectonics was developed?
Of approximately 125 hot spots thought to have been active over the past 10 million years most are located well away from plate boundaries.” It is the fact that hotspots are not close to plate boundaries that they have posed so much trouble for Plate Tectonic Theory, as they do not fit with the fact that most seismic …
Why are volcanic chains associated with convergent boundaries?
Why are volcanic chains associated with convergent boundaries? Partial melting occurs due to subduction. **Partial melting is triggered by water loss in the plate. This melts mantle material, which rises to the surface.
What causes hot spot volcanism?
Hot spot volcanoes occur far from plate boundaries. Because the hot spot is caused by mantle plumes that exist below the tectonic plates, as the plates move, the hot spot does not, and may create a chain of volcanoes on the Earth's surface.
How do hotspots form island chains?
As a crustal tectonic plates move over hot spots mantle material upwells and erupts on the surface of the plate to form a volcano, seamount or volcanic island. The islands and seamounts of the Hawaiian Archipelago were created by a hot spot under the Pacific Plate that has been active for the past 41 million years.
How are volcanic chains formed?
Matter from the core-mantle boundary and continental drift It is understood that some volcanic chains are formed by mantle plumes, hot matter rising from the Earth's inner core, while other oceanic volcanoes emerge from tectonic-plate activity.
How do hotspots make volcanoes?
Hotspots occur when one of the Earth's plates moves over an unusually hot part of the Earth's mantle. These hot areas are usually relatively stationary and result in large amounts of magma rising up, piercing a hole in the plate to form a volcano. As the plates move, a series of volcanoes can form.
What is a hotspot?
Mobile WiFi hotspots Did you know that you can use your iPhone or many Android smartphones as a WiFi hotspot? By turning on this feature, your phone uses its cellular data to create a WiFi hotspot. You can then connect a computer or other device to this hotspot to access the internet.
Why volcanoes occur along plate boundaries?
On land, volcanoes form when one tectonic plate moves under another. Usually a thin, heavy oceanic plate subducts, or moves under, a thicker continental plate. When this happens, the ocean plate sinks into the mantle.
What is a chain of volcanoes?
A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanoes, hundreds to thousands of miles long, that forms above a subduction zone. An island volcanic arc forms in an ocean basin via ocean-ocean subduction. The Aleutian Islands off the coast of Alaska and the Lesser Antilles south of Puerto Rico are examples.
What is the volcanic chain?
A linear sequence of volcanoes that occurs within a tectonic plate. As the plate moves over a stationary hot spot, new volcanoes are created.
How do hotspots work volcanoes?
Hotspots occur when one of the Earth's plates moves over an unusually hot part of the Earth's mantle. These hot areas are usually relatively stationary and result in large amounts of magma rising up, piercing a hole in the plate to form a volcano. As the plates move, a series of volcanoes can form.