What is the greatest volume of volcanic material produced by?
oceanic ridge system The greatest volume of volcanic rock is produced along the oceanic ridge system.
Which plate boundary produces the most magma?
Most volcanoes are associated with convergent plate boundaries (at subduction zones), and there is also a great deal of volcanic activity at divergent boundaries and areas of continental rifting.
Where does most of Earth’s magma come from?
Magma originates in the lower part of the Earth's crust and in the upper portion of the mantle. Most of the mantle and crust are solid, so the presence of magma is crucial to understanding the geology and morphology of the mantle.
Which type of magma has the highest?
MAGMA COMPOSITION AND ROCK TYPES
| SiO2 CONTENT | MAGMA TYPE | VOLCANIC ROCK |
|---|---|---|
| ~50% | Mafic | Basalt |
| ~60% | Intermediate | Andesite |
| ~65% | Felsic (low Si) | Dacite |
| ~70% | Felsic (high Si) | Rhyolite |
Which tectonic setting is most likely to produce high viscosity magma?
-Magmas in subduction zones are generally more viscous. -Magmas in subduction zones tend to become solid at lower temperatures thus increasing their viscosity.
What is an area where magma melts through the crust?
An area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of a plate is called a. hot spot.
How is magma formed in continental rift zones?
These landscapes are a result of continental rifting, or places where the continental crust is extending and thinning. As the crust thins, the hot, buoyant upper mantle (the asthenosphere) rises. Eventually the asthenosphere upwells so close to the surface that magma that erupts onto the surface.
How does magma form at a divergent boundary?
At divergent boundaries magma forms because of decompression melting. Decompression melting also takes place within a mantle plume. … The higher viscosity prevents gases from escaping from the magma and so felsic magmas are more pressurized and more likely to erupt explosively.
Where is magma found?
Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface. Earth has a layered structure that consists of the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Much of the planet's mantle consists of magma. This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption.
When magma in the Earth’s mantle develops a great?
When magma in the earth's mantle develops a great pressure in the ground above it is pushed upward if this happens in the middle of an ocean it forms. Mid ocean ridges are extensive mountain range formed because of the constant alteration od tectonic plates and the heat emitted from the earth's core.
Which magma has highest temperature?
Temperature. Temperatures of lava, which is magma extruded onto the surface, are in the range 700 to 1,400 °C (1,300 to 2,600 °F), but very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 490 °C (910 °F), and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1,600 °C (2,900 °F).
What type of magma has the highest temperature?
Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium. It ranges in temperature from about 1000oC to 1200oC (1832oF to 2192oF). Andesitic magma has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800oC to 1000oC (1472oF to 1832oF).
What type of magma is found at divergent boundaries?
plates move apart at a divergent plate boundary, the release of pressure produces partial melting of the underlying mantle. This molten material, known as magma, is basaltic in composition and is buoyant.
Where are magma chambers located?
Magma chambers are located beneath the Earth's surface under a volcano. This is where magma comes together and creates pressure.
What occurs at a continental rift zone?
Continental Rift: Topography, Earthquakes, and Volcanism The colder upper crust cracks and breaks along faults (like peanut brittle), causing earthquakes and forming long mountains (ranges) separated by valleys (basins).
What is continental rift zone?
Continental rift zones occur in weak spots in the continental lithospheric plate. A mid-ocean ridge usually originates in a continental plate as a rift zone that expands to the point of splitting the plate apart, with seawater filling in the gap.
How is magma formed along rift zones?
Rift volcanoes form when magma rises into the gap between diverging plates. They thus occur at or near actual plate boundaries. Measurements in Iceland suggest that the separation of plates is a continuous process but that the fracturing is intermittent, analogous to a…
How does magma formed?
Magma forms from partial melting of mantle rocks. As the rocks move upward (or have water added to them), they start to melt a little bit. These little blebs of melt migrate upward and coalesce into larger volumes that continue to move upward. They may collect in a magma chamber or they may just come straight up.
How mantle was formed?
Water trapped inside minerals erupted with lava, a process called “outgassing.” As more water was outgassed, the mantle solidified. The rocks that make up Earth's mantle are mostly silicates—a wide variety of compounds that share a silicon and oxygen structure.
What is in the mantle of the Earth?
In terms of its constituent elements, the mantle is made up of 44.8% oxygen, 21.5% silicon, and 22.8% magnesium. There's also iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium. These elements are all bound together in the form of silicate rocks, all of which take the form of oxides.
What is the temperature of magma in volcanoes?
But since it's no longer a liquid, it can't flow as one. So, within Kīlauea, magma can have temperatures from around 1200 degrees Celsius (2200 degrees Fahrenheit) down to about 1000 degrees Celsius (about 1830 degrees Fahrenheit).
What type of magma has the highest viscosity?
The magma that has the highest viscosity is rhyolitic magma.
Which rock has the highest melting point?
Melting Points of Rocks
| ApproximateTemperature (°C) | Minerals which are molten |
|---|---|
| 1200 | All molten |
| 1000 | Olivine, pyroxene, Ca-rich plagioclase |
| 800 | Amphibole, Ca/Na- plagioclase |
| 600 | Quartz, K-feldspar, Na-plagioclase, micas. |
What is formed at divergent boundary?
A divergent plate boundary often forms a mountain chain known as a ridge. This feature forms as magma escapes into the space between the spreading tectonic plates.
How deep is magma formed?
"What we are now saying is that with just a trace of carbon dioxide in the mantle, melting can begin as deep as around 200 kilometers. "When we incorporate the effect of trace water, the magma generation depth becomes at least 250 kilometers."
How magma chamber is produced?
Dynamics of magma chambers Magma rises through cracks from beneath and across the crust because it is less dense than the surrounding rock. When the magma cannot find a path upwards it pools into a magma chamber. These chambers are commonly built up over time, by successive horizontal or vertical magma injections.
What happens to magma at divergent boundaries?
What happens to magma at divergent boundaries? it rises to the surface and cools to form new ocean lithosphere.
What is the east rift zone?
The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. In the past it was considered to be part of a larger Great Rift Valley that extended north to Asia Minor.
Where does magmatism take place?
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks.
What temperature is the mantle?
In the mantle, temperatures range from approximately 200 °C (392 °F) at the upper boundary with the crust to approximately 4,000 °C (7,230 °F) at the core-mantle boundary.