What is the primary factor that determines airway resistance in the respiratory passageways?
One of the most important factors influencing airway resistance is the diameter of the airway. In general, the opposition of flow can be described as the pressure divided by the rate of flow (R = change in P/V). However, factors such as turbulent or laminar flow also impact the resistance to flow in the lungs.
What is the primary determinant of airway resistance?
Airway resistance is the resistance to flow of air caused by friction with the airways, which includes the conducting zone for air, such as the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. The main determinants of airway resistance are the size of the airway and the properties of the flow of air itself.
What is the most important factor in determining airway resistance quizlet?
Airway radius is the most important factor in determining airway resistance. This radius is regulated by the autonomic nervous system by way of the state of smooth muscle tone in this region.
Where does the most airway resistance in our respiratory system occur quizlet?
-Airway resistance during inspiration increases. -In healthy lungs, the overall resistance in the conducting zone is high. -The radius of an individual bronchiole is low, but the overall cross-sectional area of all the bronchioles is quite high.
Which factors can increase airway resistance quizlet?
Airway resistance will increase as we move towards lower lung volumes. As a result, there's a point inside chest cavity at which P inside airways is equal to P outside airways -> EPP or Equal Pressure Point….
- strength of chest and abdominal muscles.
- airway resistance.
- lung size and.
- elastic properties.
What causes increased airway resistance?
Airway resistance is usually increased with obesity. This is partially related to the narrowing of small airways that occurs at lower lung volumes. One case-controlled study with 190 subjects found the airway resistance of obese men (BMI of 47 kg/m2) to be almost twice that of normal controls.
Where is the major site of airway resistance explain the reason why?
An individual small airway has much greater resistance than a large airway, however there are many more small airways than large ones. Therefore, resistance is greatest at the bronchi of intermediate size, in between the fourth and eighth bifurcation.
What factors determines lung compliance quizlet?
Lung compliance is determined by two factors; how distensible the lungs are and the alveolar surface tension. The more distensible the lungs and the lower the surface tension, the greater the lung compliance and this favors efficient ventilation.
What causes an increase in airway resistance?
Airway resistance is usually increased with obesity. This is partially related to the narrowing of small airways that occurs at lower lung volumes. One case-controlled study with 190 subjects found the airway resistance of obese men (BMI of 47 kg/m2) to be almost twice that of normal controls.
How does lung volume affect airway resistance?
Airway resistance decreases as lung volume increases because the airways distend as the lungs inflate, and wider airways have lower resistance.
Which of the following would increase airway resistance?
Which of the following would be expected to increase the measured airway resistance? Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves results in a bronchoconstriction. With low lung volumes a collapse of the airways occurs, leading to decreased diameter and increased resistance.
Where is the most resistance in the airways?
So, due to the vast number of bronchioles that are present within the lungs running in parallel, the highest total resistance is actually in the trachea and larger bronchi.
Which determines lung compliance?
Lung compliance can be calculated by dividing volume by pressure (C = V/P). Two factors affecting lung compliance are elasticity from the elastin in connective tissue, and surface tension which is decreased by surfactant production.
What factors influence the compliance of the respiratory system?
Two important factors of lung compliance are elastic fibers and surface tension. More elastic fibers in the tissue lead to ease in expandability and, therefore, compliance. Surface tension within the alveoli is decreased by the production of surfactant to prevent collapse.
What causes a decrease in airway resistance?
The increased sympathetic tone causes the relaxation of airway smooth muscle, which causes dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles, reducing airway resistance.
What are the possible causes of increased airway resistance?
Bronchospasm, mucus plugging, and edema in the peripheral airways result in increased airway resistance and obstruction. Air trapping results in lung hyperinflation, ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, and increased dead space ventilation.
What increases resistance in the airway?
Airway resistance is usually increased with obesity. This is partially related to the narrowing of small airways that occurs at lower lung volumes. One case-controlled study with 190 subjects found the airway resistance of obese men (BMI of 47 kg/m2) to be almost twice that of normal controls.
Where in his airway The resistance is highest and why?
An individual small airway has much greater resistance than a large airway, however there are many more small airways than large ones. Therefore, resistance is greatest at the bronchi of intermediate size, in between the fourth and eighth bifurcation.
What determines lung compliance quizlet?
What determines lung compliance? It is determined by destinsibility of the lung tissue and aveolar surface tension.
What conditions may affect lung compliance and airway resistance?
Factors affecting lung compliance include elasticity from the elastin in connective tissue and surface tension, which is decreased by surfactant production.
What are the two main determinants of lung compliance?
As mentioned above, two important factors of lung compliance are elastic fibers and surface tension. More elastic fibers in the tissue lead to ease in expandability and, therefore, compliance. Surface tension within the alveoli is decreased by the production of surfactant, to prevent collapse.
How does airway resistance affect respiration?
As the radius of the airways increases, resistance to airflow is lower during this inspiratory phase. Conversely, in expiration, the intrathoracic pressure increases due to the lower volume of the thoracic cavity. This pressure leads to narrowing of the smaller airways, so resistance is higher during expiration.
What keeps the airways from becoming compressed during the forced explanation?
In healthy lung tissue, the elastic fibres of the surrounding alveoli pull on the walls of small airways and hold them open – this force is called radial traction. The higher the elastic recoil of the lungs, the greater the radial traction will be. Radial traction helps to prevent airway collapse in expiration.
How does lung resistance increase?
Airway resistance can also change over time. During an asthma attack the airways constrict causing an increase in airway resistance. Airway resistance can also vary between inspiration and expiration: In emphysema there is destruction of the elastic tissue of the lungs which help hold the small airways open.
What factors can increase resistance to airflow?
Factors which affect airway resistance by affecting airway diameter
- Increased smooth muscle tone. Bronchospasm. Irritants, eg. histamine. Parasympathetic nervous system agonists.
- Decreased smooth muscle tone. Bronchodilators. Sympathetic nervous system agonists.
Sep 25, 2019
Where in the respiratory system is the most resistance?
So, due to the vast number of bronchioles that are present within the lungs running in parallel, the highest total resistance is actually in the trachea and larger bronchi.
What is the normal airway resistance quizlet?
about 150 ml, influenced by body size, build, and state of health. What is alveolar ventilation?