What is the term for the drop in water surface elevation divided by the distance the water flows quizlet?
what is the term for the drop in water surface elevation divided by the distance the water flows? stream gradient.
Which of the following best describes a stream gradient?
Which of the following is the correct definition of stream gradient? The drop in elevation of a stream divided by the distance the water travels.
Is the quantity of water flowing past a certain stream cross section per unit time?
Stream discharge is defined as the quantity of water flowing past a specific channel location per unit time.
What is a stream’s longitudinal profile?
What is a stream's longitudinal profile? a cross-sectional view of a stream from the headwaters to its mouth.
What is a low gradient stream?
Low gradient streams have wider and less rugged valleys, with a tendency for the stream to meander. Many rivers involve, to some extent, a flattening of the river gradient as approach the terminus at sea level.
How does an oxbow lake form quizlet?
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main stem of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water.
What is river gradient?
Stream gradient is the grade measured by the ratio of drop in elevation of a stream per unit horizontal distance, usually expressed as meters per kilometer or feet per mile.
What is the slope of the stream?
The slope of a stream measures the vertical distance that a stream drops over a given horizontal length. The slope is usually shown as a percentage.
Which term is defined by a volume of water passing through a point over a given amount of time?
Stream Flow. stream flow, or discharge, is the volume of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time. It is often expressed as cubic feet per second (ft^3/sec).
How do you calculate stream discharge?
Discharge = V x D x W If length is measured in feet and time in seconds, Discharge has units of feet3/sec or cubic feet per second (cfs). Depth times Width gives the cross-sectional area. The shape of the channel is important because of the reduction in velocity due to friction along the channel margins.
What is meant by a nonstructural flood control strategy?
What is meant by a nonstructural flood control strategy? Limiting certain activities or land uses and implementing appropriate zoning regulations in high-risk flood areas.
What is the term used to describe the lowest elevation to which a stream can erode Downcut )?
The lowest elevation that a river channel can erode is referred to as ultimate base level. For rivers that empty into an ocean, ultimate base level is equal to sea level. At this elevation, the gradient (slope) of the river is equal to zero.
What is a stream’s slope called?
Stream gradient refers to the slope of the stream's channel, or rise over run. It is the vertical drop of the stream over a horizontal distance.
What is the gradient of a river?
The gradient of a river is a measure of how steeply it loses height. A river with a high gradient loses height quickly and is typically fast flowing and youthful. A river with a very gentle gradient loses very little height and is typically a slow flowing mature river.
How does an alluvial fan form quizlet?
How does alluvial fan form? A fan shaped deposit of sediment at the base of a mountain and forms as water flows down the slope and spreads at the bottom.
Why do farmers apply nitrogen to their fields in the spring and fall?
Why do farmers apply nitrogen to their fields in the spring and fall? Nitrogen provides nutrients to the plants for the coming growing season. … It may be able to conserve most fall-applied nitrogen on the same fields where it is applied thus preventing nutrient runoff.
How do you calculate the gradient of a river?
GRADIENT. Gradient = vertical difference in elevation / horizontal distance. So, to calculate the average gradient along the stream from the red dot at B to the red dot at A (or vice versa) two facts need to be known: The difference in elevation between B and A.
How do you calculate the slope of a river?
Using the formula, slope equals change in elevation divided by ground distance. For example, if the ground distance is 11/16 or 0.69 inches and the scale factor is 1 inch equals 2,000 feet per inch, this equals 1,380 feet. The channel slope is 10 divided by 1,380, which equals 0.0072.
What is the slope of a river?
A river's slope is usually expressed in feet of vertical drop per mile of longitudinal reach. The changing gradient plotted over the river's length is the stream's longitudinal profile. The profile of most streams begins steep and gradually levels out.
What is the vertical drop of a stream channel over a certain distance?
Gradient is usually expressed as the amount of vertical drop of a stream over a certain distance.
What is the flow of water called?
Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one component of the movement of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff.
How do you calculate flow in a river?
To calculate the water flow (in m3/s) multiply the average water velocity by the average cross-section. To express this water flow in litres per second (l/s), multiply the result (in m3/s) by 1000.
What is stream flow measurement?
Most streamflow (discharge) measurements use a technique where the cross-section of the stream is "cut" into subsections. Depth, width, and velocity are measured in each section to calculate the volume of streamflow (discharge). The streamflows in all sections are then added up to get the total for the stream.
What is a flood mitigation dam?
What is a flood mitigation dam: A flood mitigation dam typically comprises of a wall or embankment that provides a water storage or reservoir, an outlet or flood gates to control water flow and a spillway to pass flows that exceed the dams design capacity.
What is flood mitigation measures?
In environmental engineering, the flood mitigation involves the management and control of flood water movement, such as redirecting flood run-off through the use of floodwalls and flood gates, rather than trying to prevent floods altogether.
What is gradient in a river?
Stream gradient refers to the slope of the stream's channel, or rise over run. It is the vertical drop of the stream over a horizontal distance.
What is stream gradient quizlet?
gradient is the steepness of the stream's slope. near the the head waters, or the beginning of a stream , the gradient gennerally is steep. this area of the stream has a high rate of flow, causes rapid channel erosion.
What headwater means?
Definition of headwater : the source of a stream —usually used in plural.
What is a river’s gradient?
Stream gradient refers to the slope of the stream's channel, or rise over run. It is the vertical drop of the stream over a horizontal distance.
Where are the headwaters of the Mississippi River quizlet?
Where do the waters of the Mississippi River flow? Its source is Lake Itasca and it goes through the center of the continental United States to the Gulf of Mexico. Lake Itasca, Minnesota.