What is true about the hydration process quizlet?
What is true about the hydration process? Hydration is a solvation process where the solvent is water. The hydration involves separating solvent molecules and mixing with ions in solution. The process is generally exothermic.
Which process occurs during solution formation and is always exothermic?
Which process occurs during solution formation and is always exothermic? The interaction of separated solute particles with separated solvent molecules.
When containers of helium and argon are connected the gases spontaneously mix due to?
When containers of helium and argon are connected, the gases spontaneously mix due to diffusion and form a solution (Figure 11.1. 2). The formation of this solution clearly involves an increase in disorder, since the helium and argon atoms occupy a volume twice as large as that which each occupied before mixing.
Which of the following is a characteristic of fractional distillation quizlet?
Which of the following is a characteristic of fractional distillation? –Repeated vaporization and condensation are part of the fractional distillation process. -Fractional distillation is useful for the separation of liquids with boiling points that are close together.
What is true about the solution process involved in an instant cold pack?
What is true about the solution process involved in an instant cold pack? The process is endothermic and has a positive enthalpy of solution.
On what factors does the solubility of a solute depend?
The size of solute particles, stirring, and temperature, are the three factors that affect the solubility of a solid solute in a solvent.
Why is the formation of a solution a spontaneous process?
The Formation of Solutions. The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without the requirement of energy from some external source.
What favors the formation of a solution?
The formation of a solution disperses molecules, atoms, or ions of one kind throughout a second substance, which generally increases the disorder and results in an increase in the entropy of the system. Thus entropic factors almost always favor formation of a solution.
What is the formation of solution?
Solution formation involves the mixing of two or more substances that are usually found in the same phase (homogenous solution). In order for a solution to actually form, the solute molecules must form intermolecular bonds with the solvent molecules.
What is the formation of a solution called?
Substances that are miscible, such as gases, form a single phase in all proportions when mixed. Substances that form separate phases are immiscible. Solvation is the process in which solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules. When the solvent is water, the process is called hydration.
Which is more favored simple distillation or fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation leads to a better separation than simple distillation because the glass beads in the fractionating column provide "theoretical plates" on which the vapors can condense and then re-evaporate, and re-condense, essentially distilling the compound many times over.
Which of the following statement is correct about simple distillation?
When the boiling point of a component of the mixture is reached, it gets converted to vapor, and later these vapors are condensed and separated. Thus distillation involves both heating and cooling. Hence option C is correct.
Why does a cold pack get cold when the chemicals react?
They absorb heat energy from their surroundings. This means that the surroundings of endothermic reactions are colder as a result of the reaction.
Why is a cold pack an endothermic reaction?
The liquid inside the cold pack is water. In the water is another plastic bag or tube containing ammonium-nitrate fertilizer. When you hit the cold pack, it breaks the tube so that the water mixes with the fertilizer. This mixture creates an endothermic reaction — it absorbs heat.
What factors affect the properties of a solution?
Factors affecting solubility
- Temperature. Basically, solubility increases with temperature. …
- Polarity. In most cases solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity. …
- Pressure. Solid and liquid solutes. …
- Molecular size. …
- Stirring increases the speed of dissolving.
What are the factors of solution?
Factors affecting the formation of the solution:
- Proportion of the solute & the solvent: Solute should be in less quantity and solvent should be more in quantity to dissolve the solute.
- Particle size of the solute: Small size of particles of the solute dissolve faster.
What factors influence solution formation?
Factors affecting the formation of the solution:
- Proportion of the solute & the solvent: Solute should be in less quantity and solvent should be more in quantity to dissolve the solute.
- Particle size of the solute: Small size of particles of the solute dissolve faster.
What favors the solution formation?
Exothermic (ΔHsoln < 0) processes favor solution formation. In addition, the change in entropy, the degree of disorder of the system, must be considered when predicting whether a solution will form. An increase in entropy (a decrease in order) favors dissolution.
What affects solution formation?
Factors affecting the formation of the solution: Proportion of the solute & the solvent: Solute should be in less quantity and solvent should be more in quantity to dissolve the solute. Particle size of the solute: Small size of particles of the solute dissolve faster.
Why is extraction preferred over distillation?
Unlike distillation, which is based on boiling point differences, extraction separates components based on their relative solubilities in two immiscible liquids. Extraction is typically chosen over distillation for separation applications that would not be cost-effective, or even possible, with distillation.
Under what conditions is extraction preferred to distillation?
In general, extraction is applied when the materials to be extracted are heat-sensitive or nonvolatile and when distillation would be inappropriate because components are close-boiling, have poor relative volatilities or form azeotropes.
Which one of the following distillation methods is known as rectification?
Fractional distillation This separation, by successive distillations, is also referred to as rectification.
Which of the following is the basis of distillation?
The basis of the separation by steam distillation is that while the water and organic condensed phases are immiscible, the vapors of both are miscible. Once condensed, the two separate again allowing for an easy separation. As noted above, both liquids and solids can be distilled by steam.
Is cooking an egg combustion?
It's a chemical transition when you're frying an egg, because the liquid component of the egg changes from liquid to solid. Frying an egg is a reaction of chemistry. It is an illustration of an endothermic reaction or one that takes in heat to create the reaction.
Why does temperature decrease in endothermic reactions?
In an endothermic change, temperature is absorbed from surrounding molecules to continue reacting. If these molecules are losing heat, that means their temperature will drop, resulting in a temperature decrease.
What is the difference between an endothermic and an exothermic reaction?
An exothermic process releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise. An endothermic process absorbs heat and cools the surroundings.”
How do you tell if a reaction is exothermic or endothermic from an equation?
So if the sum of the enthalpies of the reactants is greater than the products, the reaction will be exothermic. If the products side has a larger enthalpy, the reaction is endothermic.
Why solvent extraction is the most widely used method?
Solvent extraction is used to separate hazardous contaminants from sludge and sediments as well. This can be especially beneficial for hazardous waste generators since solvent extraction ultimately reduces the amount of hazardous waste that must be treated. Solvent extraction does not destroy a compound.
Why is distillation better than liquid-liquid extraction?
The biggest difference between these two processes is this: Solvent extraction: It purifies a substance whether it is in its liquid or solid phase. Solvent distillation: It purifies a substance only in its liquid phase.
Which solvents are better for distillation process?
Applications of Distillation and Extraction Distillation is commonly used in the petroleum industry and in the solvent industry. For instance, distillation is the favored method to separate acetic acid from acetone, benzene from toluene, and methanol and ethanol from water.