What produces ozone?
Ozone is formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions between pollutants emitted from vehicles, factories and other industrial sources, fossil fuels, combustion, consumer products, evaporation of paints, and many other sources.
Does ozone require sunlight?
Ozone is formed throughout the atmosphere in multistep chemical processes that require sunlight.
Which contributes to the ozone hole quizlet?
Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—formerly found in aerosol spray cans and refrigerants—are released into the atmosphere.
What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants?
What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants? the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances.
Why does ozone peak in the afternoon?
In urban areas, high ozone levels usually occur during warm summer months. Typically, ozone levels reach their peak in mid to late afternoon, after exhaust fumes from morning rush hour have had time to react in sunlight. A hot, sunny, still day is the perfect environment for the production of ozone pollution.
What ozone smells like?
Here are some of the ways the smell of ozone is described: Like chlorine. A “clean” smell. Sweet and pungent. Like an electrical spark.
Why is ozone concentrated in the stratosphere?
Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Without ozone, the Sun's intense UV radiation would sterilize the Earth's surface. Ozone screens all of the most energetic, UV-c, radiation, and most of the UV-b radiation.
What is the main problem caused by the ozone hole?
Ozone depletion is a major environmental problem because it increases the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth's surface, which increases the rate of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune system damage.
Why are the ozone holes near the poles?
The very low winter temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere cause polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. Special reactions that occur on PSCs, combined with the relative isolation of polar stratospheric air, allow chlorine and bromine reactions to pro- duce the ozone hole in Antarctic springtime.
Why is ozone considered an air pollutant?
Ground-level ozone is a colorless and highly irritating gas that forms just above the earth's surface. It is called a "secondary" pollutant because it is produced when two primary pollutants react in sunlight and stagnant air. These two primary pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Where is ozone a pollutant?
Ground-level ozone comes from pollution emitted from cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, and chemical plants. Ozone pollution can even come from paints, cleaners, solvents, and motorized lawn equipment.
Why is ozone lower in the morning?
Outdoor ozone levels vary across city areas because ozone is scavenged as it reacts with NO. Early morning and late night exposures outdoors are lower because of the daily cycle of ambient ozone concentrations.
Why are ozone concentrations typically low in cities?
Ozone can be degraded by the compounds (NOx) by which it is also formed. This degradation occurs more often in cities than in rural areas, because there is more NO in cities (see further).
Can humans smell rain?
The human nose is extremely sensitive to geosmin and is able to detect it at concentrations as low as 0.4 parts per billion. Some scientists believe that humans appreciate the rain scent because ancestors may have relied on rainy weather for survival.
Why can I smell rain?
It is caused by the water from the rain, along with certain compounds like ozone, geosmin, and plant oils. and in soil. When it rains, these compounds are released into the air to add to the earthy smell of petrichor.
Why the ozone layer is depleting?
Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer depletion. These are released by solvents, spray aerosols, refrigerators, air-conditioners, etc. The molecules of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are broken down by ultraviolet radiations and release chlorine atoms.
What is the main cause of ozone loss?
Scientists also discovered that the thinning in the ozone layer was caused by increasing concentrations of ozone-depleting chemicals – chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs (compounds with chlorine and/or fluorine attached to carbon) and to a lesser extent halons (similar compounds with bromine or iodine).
Why is the ozone layer depleting?
Ozone Depletion. When chlorine and bromine atoms come into contact with ozone in the stratosphere, they destroy ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere. Ozone can be destroyed more quickly than it is naturally created.
How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere Why is the damage of ozone layer a cause of concern to us state a cause of this damage?
Ozone is formed in upper atmosphere by the reaction of ultraviolet UV radiations on oxygen O2 molecule. The damage to ozone layer is a cause of concern to us as due to its damage more ultraviolet rays reach the earth's surface causing various health hazards.
Why is the ozone layer loss more in cold regions?
Low temperatures give rise to a special kind of clouds, so-called polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). On the surface of these cloud particles, chemical reactions take place that convert innocuous halogen compounds into active chlorine (ClO) that is very efficient at destroying ozone.
What is ozone concentration?
Definition: Ozone concentrations refer to the quantity of ozone (O3) molecules in the air. In the Bay Area, ozone is measured by numerous monitoring stations that record hourly concentrations at each site. These hourly data are used to calculate eight-hour peak ozone levels.
How does the concentration of ozone depend on the time of the day?
The concentration of ozone depends on the time of day because ozone levels directly depend on the amount of sunlight. During the day the intensity of sunlight is different and depending on this, the amount of ozone changes.
Why is air quality better at night?
This question comes from Dan Sucher in Highland Park. And the answer is: Not really. Garcia said that in conditions like those we have now, air quality can actually worsen at night. There tends to be less wind at night, and that allows pollutants, such as smoke, to settle closer to the ground.
What is the smell of sperm?
Semen often smells like chlorine or ammonia and tastes slightly sweet due to its high fructose content. That being said, the taste and smell of semen can vary from one person to the next. Certain foods can alter the taste and smell of semen, making it more bitter, pungent, or musky.
What is first rain called?
Noun. first rain (plural first rains) The first rainfall of a season, at the start of spring in cold climates or the end of summer in hot, dry climates.
How can a shark smell blood?
Sharks have the ability to detect these impulses because they have lots of small pores in their skin around their snout – known as the ampullae of Lorenzi. These pores help sharks to detect their prey at close range, even if they are hidden underneath the sand.
Which of the following is responsible for depletion of ozone layer?
chlorofluorocarbons Freons are chlorofluorocarbons and are responsible for depletion of ozone layer.
What is ozone depletion Class 12?
Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth's ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over Antarctica.
Which of the following depletes ozone layer?
This page provides information on compounds recognized as ozone-depleting substances ( ODS. ODS include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, hydrobromofluorocarbons, chlorobromomethane, and methyl chloroform.
What happened to the ozone layer?
Scientist Joseph C. Farman and his colleagues discovered that atmospheric ozone over Antarctica had reduced by 40 percent. Certain human-made substances had reached the stratosphere and disrupted the ozone layer to the point of depletion, creating an extremely thin section commonly known as the ozone hole.