What two principal factors affect the viscosity of magma lava?
a. The viscosity of a magma is affected by its silica content and temperature. The amount of silica influences the magma's viscosity in such a way that if the silica content is low, the magma would have low viscosity, whereas a high content of silica would make the magma more thick and sticky.
How does viscosity of magma change as magma cools?
How does the viscosity of magma change as magma cools? The viscosity increases when temperature decreases.
How does an increase in pressure affect a rock’s melting temperature?
→ Increase in confining pressure increases melting temperature.
Why are there so many different types of magmas?
Why are there so many different types of magmas? Because it depends on the source, how it interacts with its surroundings (assimilation), and whether crystals sink as they form (partial melting and magma mixing).
Why does a higher temperature cause the viscosity of a magma to decrease quizlet?
As temperature increases, viscosity decreases because the flow rate gets faster. The liquid does not resist movement when hot. VISCOSITY is directly related to the amount of silica (sand) in the magma.
Which of the following characteristics of magma mainly affect the explosiveness of volcanic eruption?
Viscosity, together with the amount of gas dissolved in magma, can determine the explosivity of the eruption. More viscous magma with volatiles is more explosive than less viscous magma, where gases can bubble out relatively easily.
Which of the following characteristics of magma mainly affects the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?
The amount of dissolved gas in the magma provides the driving force for explosive eruptions. The viscosity of the magma, however, is also an important factor in determining whether an eruption will be explosive or nonexplosive.
What two factors affect the formation of magma?
The main factors involved in the formation of magma are temperature pressure water content and mineral composition.
What affects the melting temperature of magma?
Heat. Heat is the most important factor affecting the melting point of rock.
What will happen to the temperature of rocks during melting?
The rock is pulled down by movements in the earth's crust and gets hotter and hotter as it goes deeper. It takes temperatures between 600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius (1,100 and 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit) to melt a rock, turning it into a substance called magma (molten rock).
What temperature is magma?
Magma is extremely hot—between 700° and 1,300° Celsius (1,292° and 2,372° Fahrenheit). This heat makes magma a very fluid and dynamic substance, able to create new landforms and engage physical and chemical transformations in a variety of different environments.
Which of the following characteristics of magma affects the explosiveness of volcanic eruption?
Viscosity, together with the amount of gas dissolved in magma, can determine the explosivity of the eruption. More viscous magma with volatiles is more explosive than less viscous magma, where gases can bubble out relatively easily.
Why does a higher temperature cause the viscosity of magma to decrease?
As temperature increases, viscosity decreases because the flow rate gets faster. The liquid does not resist movement when hot. VISCOSITY is directly related to the amount of silica (sand) in the magma. As silica content increases, viscosity increases.
What happens as the temperature of lava increases?
Lower temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the magma).
How does the temperature of magma affect its viscosity?
Lower temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the magma).
What are the characteristics of magma?
Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface. Earth has a layered structure that consists of the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Much of the planet's mantle consists of magma. This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption.
How does temperature affects the formation of magma?
With increase in temperature the solid rock masses begin to vibrate first then bonding between them breaks and finally they convert into liquid we see as magma. This is the most important factor in the formation of magma.As we do down into the earth, the pressure is increased due to overlying rocks above.
How do temperature and composition of magma affect viscosity?
Viscosity of Magmas Lower temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the magma).
What is the temperature of magma?
Magma is extremely hot—between 700° and 1,300° Celsius (1,292° and 2,372° Fahrenheit). This heat makes magma a very fluid and dynamic substance, able to create new landforms and engage physical and chemical transformations in a variety of different environments.
What happens to magma when it cools?
As magma cools the elements within the magma combine and crystalize into minerals that form an igneous rock. Magma cools either below the surface or at the surface (magma that reaches the surface is called lava). As magma cools igneous rock is formed.
How does magma temperature affect a volcanic eruption?
Both the temperature and mineral content of magma affect how easily it flows. The viscosity (thickness) of the magma that erupts from a volcano affects the shape of the volcano. Volcanoes with steep slopes tend to form from very viscous magma, while flatter volcanoes form from magma that flows easily.
How does temperature control the viscosity of the magma?
The effect of temperature on viscosity is intuitive. Like most liquids, the higher the temperature, the more fluid a substance becomes, thus lowering its viscosity. Composition plays an even greater role in determining a magma's viscosity.
How does temperature relate to viscosity for each type of magma?
Viscosity of magma, the resistance to flow depends on composition of the magma and temperature. Higher silica content means higher viscosity. But lower temperatures and low gas content mean higher viscosity. Hence, lower viscosity and low gas content mean higher temperature of magma.
What characteristics of magma determines its explosiveness?
Viscosity, together with the amount of gas dissolved in magma, can determine the explosivity of the eruption. More viscous magma with volatiles is more explosive than less viscous magma, where gases can bubble out relatively easily.
How does temperature relate to viscosity?
The viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature. Most liquids suffer the exponential relationship (Seeton, 2006) between temperature and viscosity rather than linear form (Fig. 6.1). The more viscous the fluid, the more sensitive it is to the temperature change.
How do temperature and pressure affect the formation of magma?
This hot material rises to an area of lower pressure through the process of convection. Areas of lower pressure always have a lower melting point than areas of high pressure. This reduction in overlying pressure, or decompression, enables the mantle rock to melt and form magma.
How the temperature ranges in each type of magma?
Temperature. Temperatures of lava, which is magma extruded onto the surface, are in the range 700 to 1,400 °C (1,300 to 2,600 °F), but very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 490 °C (910 °F), and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1,600 °C (2,900 °F).
Why does a higher temperature cause the viscosity of a magma to decrease?
As temperature increases, viscosity decreases because the flow rate gets faster. The liquid does not resist movement when hot. VISCOSITY is directly related to the amount of silica (sand) in the magma. As silica content increases, viscosity increases.
When magma is cooled it changes into what type of rock?
Igneous rocks form when magma (molten rock) cools and crystallizes, either at volcanoes on the surface of the Earth or while the melted rock is still inside the crust.
What factors affect the formation of magma?
- The main factors involved in the formation of magma are temperature, pressure, water content, and mineral composition.
- Temperature generally increases with depth in Earth's crust. …
- Pressure also increases with depth. …
- The third factor that affects the formation of magma is water content.