What type of igneous rock contains plagioclase biotite amphibole pyroxene and olivine?
Basalt: the most common volcanic rock on Earth. Composed of essential calcic plagioclase and pyroxene, sometimes with olivine, feldspathoids or interstitial quartz. Andesite: an intermediate, commonly porphyritic volcanic rock composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite.
Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?
Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine? Green color. Peridotite. The mineral, quartz, in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust.
Which igneous rock is composed of quartz plagioclase feldspar biotite pyroxene and amphibole?
| PEGMATITIC TEXTURE (EXTREMELY COARSE-GRAINED) Originates from water-rich intrusions, which cool and crystallize underground | |
|---|---|
| Overall Color | Most Common Minerals |
| medium-light (felsic) | Na-plagioclase, quartz, amphibole, biotite, orthoclase |
| medium-dark (intermediate) | Na-plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene, biotite |
•Jun 21, 2020
What is the rock name of the sample the dark mineral is pyroxene quizlet?
Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals.
What type of igneous rock may be formed by fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene?
Felsic, mafic, intermediate, or ultramafic: May be formed by fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene.
How is biotite formed?
Biotite in the majority of cases forms when clay-rich sedimentary rocks are buried deep enough for the clay minerals to metamorphose to it. Biotite also forms in impure metamorphosed carbonate rocks and in metabasic rocks.
What two processes produced the layer of dark brown to black?
Erosion & deposition due directly to gravity (ex: slump, creep, etc.)
What are dark minerals?
Dark-colored minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar tend to occur together. They form dark-colored igneous rocks described as mafic.
Which igneous rock is entirely composed of olivine mineral?
troctolite, coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock that is composed almost entirely of olivine (often iron-rich) and plagioclase feldspar (labradorite or bytownite).
Why are minerals such as pyroxene and amphibole called dark silicates?
The dark silicates are also called ferromagnesian because of the presence of iron and magnesium in them. They include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and biotite. The light-colored silicates include quartz, muscovite and feldspar.
Which is a coarse-grained igneous rock composed mainly of pyroxene plagioclase feldspar and olivine?
Gabbro is a coarse-grained, dark-colored, intrusive igneous rock that contains feldspar, pyroxene, and sometimes olivine.
What process is required for minerals to crystallize from magma?
Magma heats the water underground→ elements & compounds dissolve in hot water to form solutions→ the solutions follow cracks within the rock→ elements & compounds leave the solution during cooling and crystallize as minerals→ these minerals form a narrow channel or slab in the rock called a vein.
Which two minerals are first minerals to crystallize out of a magma?
Of the common silicate minerals, olivine normally crystallizes first, at between 1200° and 1300°C. As the temperature drops, and assuming that some silica remains in the magma, the olivine crystals react (combine) with some of the silica in the magma (see Box 3.1) to form pyroxene.
What makes biotite black?
Biotite forms sheets of iron, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, and hydrogen weakly bonded by potassium ions. Stacks of sheets form what are called "books" because of their resemblance to pages. Iron is the key element in biotite, giving it a dark or black appearance, while most forms of mica are pale in color.
Which elements are responsible for biotite’s dark color?
Iron, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen form sheets that are weakly bound together by potassium ions….
| Biotite | |
|---|---|
| Color | Dark brown, greenish-brown, blackish-brown, yellow |
| Crystal habit | Massive to platy |
| Twinning | Common on the (310), less common on the {001} |
| Cleavage | Perfect on the {001} |
Which types of weathering and erosion are responsible for the formation of caves?
Sometimes, chemical weathering dissolves large portions of limestone or other rock on the surface of the Earth to form a landscape called karst. In these areas, the surface rock is pockmarked with holes, sinkholes, and caves.
Which process is primarily responsible for the shape of the surface shown in the diagram?
Earth Science madiso
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the diagram represents a Landscape area which process is primarily responsible for the shape of the surface shown in the diagram? | the steep -sided U shaped valley;s are the direct result of erosion by valley (alpine) glaciers. |
What makes a mineral dark or light?
Broadly speaking, mineral colour indicates the specific gravity of the mineral; minerals that are lighter in colour are also lighter in weight. Darker minerals typically contain more of the relatively heavy elements, notably iron, magnesium, and calcium.
How is olivine formed?
Olivine has a very high crystallization temperature compared to other minerals. That makes it one of the first minerals to crystallize from a magma. During the slow cooling of a magma, crystals of olivine may form and then settle to the bottom of the magma chamber because of their relatively high density.
What causes some silicate minerals to have darker colors and to be denser?
Isolated tetrahedra: Olivine Olivine (see Figures 2a and 2b below) is the most common silicate of this type, and it makes up most of the mantle. Because these minerals contain a relatively high proportion of iron and magnesium, they tend to be both dense and dark-colored.
What are the elements that make mafic rocks dense?
mafic rock, in geology, igneous rock that is dominated by the silicates pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica. These minerals are high in magnesium and ferric oxides, and their presence gives mafic rock its characteristic dark colour.
What elements does pyroxene remove during crystallization?
As olivine and pyroxene crystallize, the relative percentage of Mg and Fe drop in the remaining magma because they are being removed by the minerals as they settle out of the melt. Simultaneously, the relative concentrations of Ca, Na, K and Al in the magma increase as olivine and pyroxene form.
What are the first minerals to crystallize from magma in Bowen’s reaction series?
The sequence in which minerals crystallize from a magma is known as the Bowen reaction series (Figure 3.10 and Who was Bowen). Of the common silicate minerals, olivine normally crystallizes first, at between 1200° and 1300°C.
What elements is biotite made of?
Biotite is regarded as a mixture composed of variable proportions of four basic aluminosilicates of potassium, iron, magnesium, or aluminum: annite, K2Fe6(Si6Al2O20)(OH)4; siderophyllite, K2Fe5Al(Si5Al3O20)(OH)4; phlogopite, K2Mg6(Si6Al2O20)(OH)4; and eastonite, K2Mg5A1(Si5Al3O20)(OH)4.
What is biotite made of?
Biotite is regarded as a mixture composed of variable proportions of four basic aluminosilicates of potassium, iron, magnesium, or aluminum: annite, K2Fe6(Si6Al2O20)(OH)4; siderophyllite, K2Fe5Al(Si5Al3O20)(OH)4; phlogopite, K2Mg6(Si6Al2O20)(OH)4; and eastonite, K2Mg5A1(Si5Al3O20)(OH)4.
How is biotite mica formed?
Biotite is a rock-forming mineral found in a wide range of crystalline igneous rocks such as granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite, and pegmatite. It also forms under metamorphic conditions when argillaceous rocks are exposed to heat and pressure to form schist and gneiss.
Which type of chemical weathering is responsible for the formation of caves?
Caves are formed by the dissolution of limestone. Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air and as it percolates through the soil, which turns into a weak acid. This slowly dissolves out the limestone along the joints, bedding planes and fractures, some of which become enlarged enough to form caves.
What type of chemical weathering creates caverns and caves?
dissolution This lab activity will focus on a chemical weathering process called dissolution. Dissolution occurs when rocks are dissolved. Caves are formed when dissolved particles are washed away and leave hollow spaces behind.
Which force is primarily responsible for the movement of the glacier?
Gravity is the cause of glacier motion; the ice slowly flows and deforms (changes) in response to gravity. A glacier molds itself to the land and also molds the land as it creeps down the valley. Many glaciers slide on their beds, which enables them to move faster.
Which process describes the downward sliding of rock material?
The correct answer is (3) mass movement. The process that causes the downward movement of rock layers from a cliff is mass movement. All the mass movements are caused by gravity. Gravity is the force that attracts the rock fragments and sediments to move downward.