What type of stress occurs when a rock mass?
Shear stress happens when there is parallel movement of two rock masses but in the opposite directions.
What is compression stress on rocks?
The stress that squeezes something. It is the stress component perpendicular to a given surface, such as a fault plane, that results from forces applied perpendicular to the surface or from remote forces transmitted through the surrounding rock.
What are the 3 types of stress in rock?
Stress is a force acting on a rock per unit area. It has the same units as pressure, but also has a direction (i.e., it is a vector, just like a force). There are three types of stress: compression, tension, and shear.
Which type of stress pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions?
Shearing Shearing pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions.
What is in situ stress?
1.1. In situ stress state is the original stress status in the rock before excavations or other perturbations. In situ stresses are also called far-field stresses. For example, the stress state before a borehole is drilled shown in Fig.
What do you mean by in situ stress and induced stress?
In-situ stress is defined as the stress confined in a rock formation before it is disturbed through excavation or other outside influences. In-situ stress is one of the main parameters in the design of underground structures.
What is torsion stress?
Torsional stress can be defined as the shear stress that acts on a transverse cross section which is caused by the action of a twist. Torsional shear stress can be thought of as the shear stress produced on a shaft due to twisting.
What is compression and tension?
Tension forces pull and stretch material in opposite directions, allowing a rope bridge to support itself and the load it carries. Compression forces squeeze and push material inward, causing the rocks of an arch bridge to press against each other to carry the load.
What is strain and its type?
It is defined as the ratio of displacement of a surface on which stress is acting to the height of the surface : Bulk Strain : It is defined as the ratio of change in volume (dV) to the original volume (V) . Bulk Strain :=vd.
What are types of directed stress?
Rocks are also subjected to the three types of directed (non-uniform) stress – tension, compression, and shear. Tension is a directed (non-uniform) stress that pulls rock apart in opposite directions. The tensional (also called extensional) forces pull away from each other.
What type of stress occurs when rock is pulled in opposite directions?
tension stress pulls rocks apart. Tension causes rocks to lengthen or break apart. Tension is the major type of stress found at divergent plate boundaries. shear stress happens when forces slide past each other in opposite directions (Figure below).
What are compression tension and shear forces?
everything towards the center of an object. Tension: the opposite of compression; the force which pulls everything away from. the center; where there is a compressive force, there must be a tensile force. Shear: shear is present, when two forces are thrusting in opposite directions but. offset and slide past each other …
What is the induced stress?
Induced stresses are those related to the exposure of the capacitor to overvoltages and overcurrents. The FIDES guide supports it through the effect of a multiplicative factor: The Csensitivity is a factor that translates the sensitivity of the capacitor and is given in the guide.
What is horizontal stress?
The horizontal stress is customarily expressed as a proportion of the vertical stress σH = K'o σv = K'o ρd gz (3.2) where K'o = coefficient of earth pressure at rest in terms of effective stresses (see equation (3.7)).
What is in situ stresses?
1.1. In situ stress state is the original stress status in the rock before excavations or other perturbations. In situ stresses are also called far-field stresses. For example, the stress state before a borehole is drilled shown in Fig.
What is the longitudinal stress?
Longitudinal Stress = Deforming Force / Area of cross-section = F/A. As the name suggests, when the body is under longitudinal stress- The deforming force will be acting along the length of the body. Longitudinal stress results in the change in the length of the body. Hence, thereby it affects slight change in diameter …
What is an axial stress?
Axial Stress – is the result of a force acting perpendicular to an area of a body, causing the extension or compression of the material.
What is tensional force and compressional force?
A tension force is a force that tends to pulls materials apart. A compression force is a force that tends to squeezes material. 3. The force that tends to increase the length of a body or an object is called tension.
What is elasticity stress?
Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of forces that cause deformation. Stress is generally defined as force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, we call such stress a tensile stress.
What is called strain?
Strain is the amount of deformation experienced by the body in the direction of force applied, divided by the initial dimensions of the body.
What is a bearing stress?
The stresses developed when two elastic bodies are forced together are termed bearing stresses. They are localized on the surface of the material and may be very high due to the small areas in contact.
Where does tensional stress occur?
divergent plate boundaries Tensional stress happens at divergent plate boundaries where two plates are moving away from each other.
What is torsion and tension?
Torsion is actually made up of two other stresses: tension and compression. When a shaft is twisted, tension is experienced at a diagonal to the shaft and compression acts 90 degrees to the tension. ( Figure 3-20) Figure 3-20. Torsion on a rotating shaft, made up of tension and compression.
What is torsional stress?
Torsional stress can be defined as the shear stress that acts on a transverse cross section which is caused by the action of a twist. Torsional shear stress can be thought of as the shear stress produced on a shaft due to twisting.
What is induced stress in mining?
Existing natural state of stress equilibrium around a coal seam is disturbed by an opening formed due to underground extraction of a part of the seam. The load of the overburden directly above the opening, previously carried by the coal, is transferred from immediate roof to surrounding pillars.
What is vertical stress?
Vertical stress means the force per unit area imposed on a layer of rock. Vertical stress is the combined stress due to the total weight of rock and interstitial fluids above a specified depth.
What is lateral stress?
Lateral stress is the stress produced in lateral direction. Lateral strain is defined as the ratio of the change in diameter of a circular bar of a material due to deformation in the longitudinal direction.
What is linear stress?
A linear stress is a force or a composition of parallel forces those can be represented by parallels vectors. Distribution of a linear stress in the volume of a mechanical part is very difficult to evaluate or visualize.
What is the difference between tensional and compressional stress?
In tension, all forces are pulling away from the object. In compression, the forces acting on the material push towards the body. Tension can be attached — pull at the ends of the object. It's related to pushing the edges of the body towards the centre.
What is the difference between tensional stress and compressional stress?
Compressional stresses cause a rock to shorten. Tensional stresses cause a rock to elongate, or pull apart.