Which of the following is true about how weathering affects fractured rocks?
Which of the following is true about how weathering affects fractured rocks? –Weathering affects rocks from the outside in, forming an outer weathered zone or rind.
How does the character of a rock influence weathering?
How does the character of a rock influence weathering? Rocks that are broken have more surface area and so weather faster. slower rate of soil formation and less soil.
When water enters a crack in a rock expands as it freezes and cracks the rock what has occurred?
Frost wedging is the process by which water seeps into cracks in a rock, expands on freezing, and thus enlarges the cracks (Figure 5.5).
What is a possible way to decrease permeability quizlet?
What is a possible way to decrease permeability? Moves along with the flowing groundwater down the slope of the water table. When contamination enters groundwater, it typically. A decrease in the gradient increases the velocity.
What happens when rocks oxidize near Earth’s surface?
Oxidation is the reaction of rock minerals with oxygen, thus changing the mineral composition of the rock. When minerals in rock oxidize, they become less resistant to weathering. Iron, a commonly known mineral, becomes red or rust colored when oxidized.
What rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock?
limestone As previously noted, the largest and most common caves are those formed by dissolution of limestone or dolomite. Limestone is composed mostly of calcium carbonate in the form of the mineral calcite. Dolomite rock consists of calcium magnesium carbonate, the mineral dolomite.
What happen to rock when it is exposed to higher temperature?
Changes in temperature cause rock to expand (with heat) and contract (with cold). As this happens over and over again, the structure of the rock weakens. Over time, it crumbles. Rocky desert landscapes are particularly vulnerable to thermal stress.
How does exposure affect rate and type of weathering?
One of the factors that affects the rate of weathering is exposure to the atmosphere. Rocks that are fully exposed to the atmosphere and environmental elements, such as wind, water and temperature fluctuations, will weather more rapidly than those covered by ground.
When water enters a crack in a rock expands as it freezes and cracks the rock what has occurred quizlet?
frost wedging occurs when water freezes in rock fractures. as the water freezes, it expands, putting pressure on the sides of the crack, enlarging it until the rock breaks apart. 3.
What happens when you freeze a rock?
A mechanical process, freeze-thaw weathering causes the joints (cracks) in rocks to expand, which wedges parts of rocks apart. Because water expands by about 10% when it freezes, this creates outward pressure in rock joints, making the cracks larger.
How do porosity and permeability differ?
More specifically, porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. Mathematically, it is the open space in a rock divided by the total rock volume (solid and space). Permeability is a measure of the ease of flow of a fluid through a porous solid.
How do porosity and permeability differ quizlet?
Porosity is the proportion of open space (space that can be filled with water), within a rock or unconsolidated sediment. Permeability is an expression of the ease with which water will flow through that material.
What happens when rocks oxidize near earths surface quizlet?
What happens when rocks oxidize near Earth's surface? Oxygen combines with water to create weak acids that weather rocks. Minerals, especially those with iron, combine with oxygen. Oxygen combines with silica to make quartz.
What process happens when rocks break down due to reaction with water carbon dioxide oxygen and organic acids?
Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.
What causes cave formation?
Caves are formed by the dissolution of limestone. Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air and as it percolates through the soil, which turns into a weak acid. This slowly dissolves out the limestone along the joints, bedding planes and fractures, some of which become enlarged enough to form caves.
What are caves in Minecraft?
A cave (also known as a cavern) is a common terrain feature that generates in the Overworld and the Nether. Caves are usually found underground. They are open spaces of various sizes and shapes that often intersect with each another or with different generated structures, creating vast cave systems.
What happens after the rocks break?
Organic weathering happens when plants break up rocks with their growing roots or plant acids help dissolve rock. Once the rock has been weakened and broken up by weathering it is ready for erosion. Erosion happens when rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind or gravity.
What will happen to the rock if it is exposed to a tension stress?
If more stress is applied to the rock, it bends and flows. It does not return to its original shape. Near the surface, if the stress continues, the rock will fracture (rupture) and break. With increasing stress, the rock undergoes: (1) elastic deformation, (2) plastic deformation, and (3) fracture.
How does surface area affect weathering?
When the amount of surface area relative to volume increases, the rate of weathering increases. weathered it can increase the surface area of the rock. This means that more of the rock is exposed to chemical weathering. Therefore, the rate of chemical weathering will increase.
What does it mean when a rock’s surface area increases?
Smaller rocks have a larger surface area to volume ratio than larger rocks. This means that a larger proportion of the rock is exposed to the forces of weathering. As surface area increases so does the rate of chemical weathering.
When water gets into tiny fractures in rock and freezes What is an example of this?
One of the most common forms of weathering in areas that have frequent freeze/thaw cycles is ice wedging. This type of mechanical weathering breaks apart rocks and other materials using the expansion of freezing water. Water seeps into small cracks in a rock where it freezes, expands and causes the crack to widen.
What is the process by which rocks at the Earth’s surface break down and change?
Weathering is the process by which rocks on or near Earth's surface break down and change. The removal and transport of weathered materials from one location to another is called erosion. Weathering must take place before erosion.
When a rock increases surface area?
When surface area of a rock is increased the rock is less vulnerable to chemical weathering. the rock is less vulnerable to physical weathering. the rock weathers less rapidly because fewer surfaces are exposed.
What is porosity in rocks?
More specifically, porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. Mathematically, it is the open space in a rock divided by the total rock volume (solid and space). Permeability is a measure of the ease of flow of a fluid through a porous solid.
How does the movement of groundwater relate to hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity?
groundwater moves more quickly down steeper slopes than down shallow slopes. for this reason, the water table is known as the hydraulic gradient. groundwater flows more rapidly through sediments having greater permeability than through materials having lower permeability. this factor is known as hydraulic conductivity.
How does the movement of groundwater relate to hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity Please select all that apply?
groundwater moves more quickly down steeper slopes than down shallow slopes. for this reason, the water table is known as the hydraulic gradient. groundwater flows more rapidly through sediments having greater permeability than through materials having lower permeability. this factor is known as hydraulic conductivity.
What is the difference between the porosity and the permeability of rock?
More specifically, porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. Mathematically, it is the open space in a rock divided by the total rock volume (solid and space). Permeability is a measure of the ease of flow of a fluid through a porous solid.
When a rock is exposed to chemical weathering it?
Chemical weathering is a process where minerals in a rock may be converted into clays, oxidized or simply dissolved. 1. Silicates comprise almost all minerals in igneous rocks and are also important components in metamorphic rocks.
What process happens when rocks break down due to reaction with water carbon?
Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.
When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock the process in operation is?
WEATHERING. 1. Weathering is a term which describes the general process by which rocks are broken down at the Earth's surface into such things as sediments, clays, soils and substances that are dissolved in water.