Which part of the neuron directs the manufacture of substances that help the neuron grow quizlet?
The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells. Contains the nucleus which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance. Tree like fibers projecting from a neuron, which receive information and orient it toward the neuron's cell body.
What does the neuron’s axon do?
Each neuron in your brain has one long cable that snakes away from the main part of the cell. This cable, several times thinner than a human hair, is called an axon, and it is where electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be received by other neurons.
Which cells in the nervous system handle information-processing?
One of two types of cells in the nervous system; neurons are the nerve cells that handle the information-processing function.
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
cell body The region of the neuron containing the nucleus is known as the cell body, soma, or perikaryon (Figure 8.2). The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron.
What are the dendrites?
A dendrite (tree branch) is where a neuron receives input from other cells. Dendrites branch as they move towards their tips, just like tree branches do, and they even have leaf-like structures on them called spines.
What is myelin sheath?
Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.
What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?
These are the gaps formed between the myelin sheath where the axons are left uncovered. Because the myelin sheath is largely composed of an insulating fatty substance, the nodes of Ranvier allow the generation of a fast electrical impulse along the axon. This rapid rate of conduction is called saltatory conduction.
What does the soma do?
The soma produces the proteins that the other parts of the neuron, including the dendrites, axons, and synapses, need to function properly.
Where is the information processed in the nervous system?
The nervous system takes in information through our senses, processes the information and triggers reactions, such as making your muscles move or causing you to feel pain. For example, if you touch a hot plate, you reflexively pull back your hand and your nerves simultaneously send pain signals to your brain.
Where does processing of information occurs in the nervous system *?
The data is then processed by way of integration of data, which occurs only in the brain. After the brain has processed the information, impulses are then conducted from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, which is called motor output.
Which part of the neuron directs the manufacture of substances that help the neuron grow?
Psychology Chapter 3 Key Terms and Definitions
| A | B |
|---|---|
| Cell body | The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance. |
What is nucleus function?
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information.
What is neuron nucleus?
The Nucleus of a neuron is an oval shaped membrane-bound structure found in the soma or body of the neuron. It contains the nucleolus and chromosomes, necessary for the coded production of proteins within the cell. The nucleolus of the nucleus produces ribosomes.
What is Dendron and axon?
Dendrons receive electrochemical impulses from other neurons, and carry them inwards and towards the soma, while axons carry the impulses away from the soma. Dendrons are short and heavily branched in appearance, while axons are much longer. Most neurons have a lot of dendrons and only have one axon.
What is node of Ranvier?
The nodes of Ranvier are characterized by short (1um), specialized regions in the axonal membrane that are not insulated by myelin. Although it is bare of myelin at the node, the axon is in direct contact with the microvilli of the Schwann cells in the PNS, or with processes of astrocytes in the CNS (Figure 1).
Where is the synapse?
A synapse is the small gap between two neurons, where nerve impulses are relayed by a neurotransmitter from the axon of a presynaptic (sending) neuron to the dendrite of a postsynaptic (receiving) neuron. It is referred to as the synaptic cleft or synaptic gap.
What are Schwann cells and nodes of Ranvier?
Schwann cell are cells in the peripheral nervous system that synthesize the myelin sheath around neuronal axons. Node of Ranvier are the periodic gap in the insulating myelin sheath on the axon of neurons that bring about the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.
What does Ranvier mean?
: a small gap in the myelin sheath of a myelinated nerve fiber.
What is soma and perikaryon?
The soma (pl. somas), perikaryon (pl. perikarya), neurocyton, or cell body is the bulbous, non-process portion of a neuron or other brain cell type, containing the cell nucleus. The word 'soma' comes from the Greek 'σῶμα', meaning 'body'.
What does the node of Ranvier do in a neuron?
These are the gaps formed between the myelin sheath where the axons are left uncovered. Because the myelin sheath is largely composed of an insulating fatty substance, the nodes of Ranvier allow the generation of a fast electrical impulse along the axon. This rapid rate of conduction is called saltatory conduction.
Who is thalamus?
Your thalamus is your body's information relay station. All information from your body's senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain's cerebral cortex for interpretation. Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory.
What is the synapse?
synapse, also called neuronal junction, the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction.
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus in the cell body of a neuron?
The most important organelle in the cell body is the nucleus. The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and regulates all processes in the cell. The cell needs DNA to act as a blueprint to direct cellular activity. The nucleus also contains the nucleolus, which makes ribosomes needed for protein production.
What is a Nucleoid?
The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material. The chromosome of a prokaryote is circular, and its length is very large compared to the cell dimensions, so it needs to be compacted in order to fit.
How does the nucleus control the cell?
The nucleus directs all cellular activities by controlling the synthesis of proteins. The nucleus contains encoded instructions for the synthesis of proteins in a helical molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The cell's DNA is packaged within the nucleus in a structural form called chromatin.
What are nucleus accumbens?
Abstract. Introduction: The nucleus accumbens is considered as the neural interface between motivation and action, playing a key role on feeding, sexual, reward, stress-related, drug self-administration behaviors, etc.
What is in the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in the cell's nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes. The nucleolus is also where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.
What are nodes of Ranvier?
The nodes of Ranvier are characterized by short (1um), specialized regions in the axonal membrane that are not insulated by myelin. Although it is bare of myelin at the node, the axon is in direct contact with the microvilli of the Schwann cells in the PNS, or with processes of astrocytes in the CNS (Figure 1).
What dendrite means?
Definition of dendrite 1 : a branching treelike figure produced on or in a mineral by a foreign mineral also : the mineral so marked. 2 : a crystallized arborescent form. 3 : any of the usually branching protoplasmic processes that conduct impulses toward the body of a neuron — see neuron illustration.
What is Schwann cell?
A Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath by wrapping its plasma membrane concentrically around the inner axon. While the nucleus remains fixed, the inner turn of the glial cell membrane spirals around the axon to add membrane layers, or lamellae, to the myelin sheath.