Which type of mass movement is a slow downhill movement of soil and sediment that might cause a retaining wall to fail after many years?
Creep is the imperceptibly slow downward movement of material caused by a regular cycle of nighttime freezing followed by daytime thawing in unconsolidated material such as soil.
Do freeze/thaw cycles contribute to soil creep?
The creep of soil and other unconsolidated material can be a "grain by grain" process facilitated by freeze-thaw cycles. As water between grains crystallizes to ice and expands, a grain is pushed away from the surface of the ground.
How do freezing thawing and drying contribute to soil creep quizlet?
How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep? ANSWER: –The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. -Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed.
Are very gradual mass movements in which the whole slope moves downhill slowly?
CREEPS are very gradual mass movements in which the whole slope moves downhill slowly. 5. When unconsolidated material moves downslope as a viscous fluid it is called a FLOW.
What is the term used to describe the very slow downhill movement of rock and soil?
Surface creep is the slow downhill movement of soil and rock debris.
What is creep mass movement?
Creep is a very slow mass movement that goes on for years or even centuries. You can't see creep happening but leaning fences and poles and broken retaining walls show where it has taken place. Some hills are covered with long narrow steps called terracettes. Terracettes are built by soil creep.
What causes soil creep?
They defined soil creep caused by burrowing agents (e.g., worms, ants, and moles) and tree throw as the main factor for creeping soil.
What is fall mass movement?
Types of mass movement A fall or topple happens when rocks and other sediments fall through the air and land at the bottom of a slope. Falls and topples. Flows are a mixture of water, rock and sediment. They move very quickly. Large flows can bury entire villages.
How do freezing thawing wedding and drying contribute to soil creep?
How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep? The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope.
How do freezing thawing wetting and drying?
How do freezing thawing wetting and drying contribute to soil creep? ANSWER: –The soil expands and contracts lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. -Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed.
Which of the following is the main cause of downhill movement?
Downhill movement of Earth materials by gravity is the single most important process and cause of erosion.
How do rocks and soil move down slope?
Mass movement is an erosional process that moves rocks and sediments downslope due to the force of gravity. The material is transported from higher elevations to lower elevations where other transporting agents like streams or glaciers can pick it up and move to even lower elevations.
What is slumping and soil creep?
Slump moves materials as a large block along a curved surface (figure 1). Slumps often happen when a slope is undercut, with no support for the overlying materials, or when too much weight is added to an unstable slope. Creep is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement of slope-forming soil or rock.
What is soil slump?
Slumps are made up of several more-or-less intact blocks of soil and weathered rock, which move downslope above a curved shear surface in underlying rock. The moving mass is separated from the slope behind by a high vertical rupture or headwall.
How do rocks and soil move down-slope?
Mass movement is an erosional process that moves rocks and sediments downslope due to the force of gravity. The material is transported from higher elevations to lower elevations where other transporting agents like streams or glaciers can pick it up and move to even lower elevations.
When lots of land and mud suddenly move downhill?
A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land. Landslides are caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors that make the slope unstable. Geologists, scientists who study the physical formations of the Earth, sometimes describe landslides as one type of mass wasting.
How does freezing and thawing contribute to creep?
Creep can be facilitated by freezing and thawing because, as shown in Figure 15.12, particles are lifted perpendicular to the surface by the growth of ice crystals within the soil, and then let down vertically by gravity when the ice melts. The same effect can be produced by frequent wetting and drying of the soil.
Why does water frozen in the cracks of a rock help to break down the rock?
Why does water frozen in the cracks of a rock help to break down the rock? Water expands when frozen & physically forces the rock apart.
What is downhill movement?
1 adv If something or someone is moving downhill or is downhill, they are moving down a slope or are located towards the bottom of a hill.
What can you say about the downward movement of soil?
Movement of water into soil is called infiltration, and the downward movement of water within the soil is called percolation, permeability or hydraulic conductivity. Spaces in soil, between the mineral and organic matter, that are filled with water or air.
How does a slump occur?
A slump is a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a slope. Movement is characterized by sliding along a concave-upward or planar surface.
How do slumps happen?
Slump is common where clay-rich materials are exposed along a steep slope. Such oversteepend slopes naturally occur on the outside of meanders along the Red River. Slump is typically identified as the downward movement of a block of earth material along some curved surface of failure.
In which process does gravity assist in moving material downhill?
Gravitational erosion describes the movement of soil or rock due to the force of gravity. Gravity impacts erosion in direct ways like landslides, mudslides and slump. It can also impact erosion in indirect ways, by pulling rain to the Earth and forcing glaciers downhill.
How does a creep occur?
creep, in geology, slow downslope movement of particles that occurs on every slope covered with loose, weathered material. Even soil covered with close-knit sod creeps downslope, as indicated by slow but persistent tilting of trees, poles, gravestones, and other objects set into the ground on hillsides.
How does freeze/thaw action happen?
Freeze-thaw occurs when water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.
How is the freezing and thawing of water a part of the weathering process?
Water seeps into cracks in the rocks, and, as the temperature drops below freezing, the water expands as ice in the cracks. The expansion exerts tremendous pressure on the surrounding rock and acts like a wedge, making cracks wider. After repeated freezing and thawing of water, the rock breaks apart.
What does downhill slide mean?
2 towards the bottom of a hill; downwards.
What are uphill and downhill reactions?
Downhill reactions: spontaneous, result in drop in free energy (less energy in products than in reactants). Shorthand: downhill reactions release energy. Uphill reactions: not spontaneous, result in increase in free energy (more energy in products than in reactants). Shorthand: uphill reactions require energy.
Which is refers to the downward movement of soil rocks and earth materials along a slope?
The term "landslide" describes a wide variety of processes that result in the downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials including rock, soil, artificial fill, or a combination of these. The materials may move by falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, or flowing.
What is another word for downward movement?
Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for DOWNWARD MOVE (descent)