Which wave causes the most damage to buildings quizlet?
The most destructive type of seismic wave is the surface wave. This wave travels slowly, but it has the largest amplitude when compared to the body waves (P-waves and S-waves). It travels along the surface and causes the most surface destruction. It can damage buildings, highways, bridges, and other infrastructures.
Where is this earthquake’s epicenter?
The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins.
How do you measure the strength of an earthquake you can use either?
To measure the strength of an earthquake, you can use either a scale or scale. Earthquakes cause other natural disasters, such as the disaster in this photo from a major earthquake that hit Alaska in 1964.
When stress on rocks become too great they break and then undergo?
If more stress is applied to the rock, it bends and flows. It does not return to its original shape. Near the surface, if the stress continues, the rock will fracture (rupture) and break. With increasing stress, the rock undergoes: (1) elastic deformation, (2) plastic deformation, and (3) fracture.
Which wave causes the most damage?
surface waves Seismic waves can be classified into two basic types: body waves which travel through the Earth and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Those waves that are the most destructive are the surface waves which generally have the strongest vibration.
Why do surface waves cause the most damage?
Surface waves – By a property called dispersion, surface waves of different wave lengths travel at different velocities. It is the surface waves which cause most property damage because surface waves produce more ground movement and travel more slowly, so they take longer to pass.
Which wave is the most destructive?
surface waves The most destructive seismic wave is surface waves. The surface waves will move just under the surface of the Earth. Surface waves move the slowest but cause the maximum damage to human-made structures.
What are P waves?
A P wave, or compressional wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction as the direction the wave is moving.
Which earthquake intensity scale assesses the effects of an earthquake on humans and human made structures?
Although numerousintensity scales have been developed over the last several hundred years to evaluate the effects of earthquakes, the one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity Scale.
How do logarithms relate to the Richter scale?
Logarithms and Earthquakes The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to express the total amount of energy released by an earthquake. Each number increase on the Richter scale indicates an intensity ten times stronger.
What name is given to a block of earth material which is lifted up between two normal faults?
horst A block that has dropped relatively downward between two normal faults dipping toward each other is called a graben. A block that has been relatively uplifted between two normal faults that dip away from each other is called a horst.
Which natural phenomenon occurs when rocks break in faults or cracks in the crust due to movement of molten material?
Earthquakes are the result of sudden movement along faults within the Earth. The movement releases stored-up 'elastic strain' energy in the form of seismic waves, which propagate through the Earth and cause the ground surface to shake.
What are surface waves called?
Surface waves, in this mechanical sense, are commonly known as either Love waves (L waves) or Rayleigh waves. A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, often as the result of an earthquake or explosion.
Are surface waves the most destructive?
As their name suggests, surface waves travel just below the surface of the ground. Although they move even more slowly than S-waves, they can be much larger in amplitude and are often the most destructive type of seismic wave.
Which waves cause the most damage?
Seismic waves can be classified into two basic types: body waves which travel through the Earth and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Those waves that are the most destructive are the surface waves which generally have the strongest vibration.
Which category of surface waves cause the most damage the?
There are two types of surface waves: Love and Rayleigh waves. Love waves move back and forth horizontally. Rayleigh waves cause both vertical and horizontal ground motion. These can be the most destructive waves as they roll along lifting and dropping the ground as they pass.
Which are surface waves?
A surface wave is a seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth.
What causes damage and destruction in an earthquake?
The damage caused by earthquakes is from ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Earthquake damage from fires is the most important secondary effect.
How do logs work in math?
A logarithm (or log) is the mathematical expression used to answer the question: How many times must one “base” number be multiplied by itself to get some other particular number? For instance, how many times must a base of 10 be multiplied by itself to get 1,000? The answer is 3 (1,000 = 10 × 10 × 10).
What is exponential form logarithm?
The formula of log to exponential form is logaN=x l o g a N = x , is written in exponential form as ax=N a x = N . The logarithm of a number N to the base of a is equal to x, which if written in exponential form is equal to a to the exponent of x is equal to N.
When a fault is expressed at the surface what is it called?
Terms in this set (28) When a fault is expressed at the surface, it is called a. fault scarp. The name of the site where slippage begins and earthquake waves radiate outward is called the. hypocenter.
What’s a strike-slip fault?
Strike-slip faults are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left lateral.
What is the main difference between a dip slip fault and a strike-slip fault?
Faults which move along the direction of the dip plane are dip-slip faults and described as either normal or reverse (thrust), depending on their motion. Faults which move horizontally are known as strike-slip faults and are classified as either right-lateral or left-lateral.
What do you call a fracture or crack between two rocks?
Faults are fractures in Earth's crust where rocks on either side of the crack have slid past each other. Sometimes the cracks are tiny, as thin as hair, with barely noticeable movement between the rock layers.
Do surface waves cause the most damage?
Surface waves – By a property called dispersion, surface waves of different wave lengths travel at different velocities. It is the surface waves which cause most property damage because surface waves produce more ground movement and travel more slowly, so they take longer to pass.
Why surface waves cause the most damage?
Surface waves – By a property called dispersion, surface waves of different wave lengths travel at different velocities. It is the surface waves which cause most property damage because surface waves produce more ground movement and travel more slowly, so they take longer to pass.
Do P waves or S waves cause more damage?
An earthquake also causes secondary or shear waves, called S waves. These travel at about half the speed of P waves, but can be much more destructive. S waves move the earth perpendicularly to the direction the wave is traveling.
What are Love and Rayleigh waves?
Love and Rayleigh waves Some earthquake waves move only along the surface of the earth. Love waves shake the surface side-to-side. Rayleigh waves move the surface of the earth around in a circle, forward and down then back and up. This is the same as the motion in an ocean wave.
What type of earthquakes cause the most damage?
S waves arrive next and cause a structure to vibrate from side to side. They are the most damaging waves, because buildings are more easily damaged from horizontal motion than from vertical motion.
What earthquake caused the most damage?
This ranking is also summarized in table form. The most deadly earthquake in history was in Shaanxi, China in 1556. It's estimated to have killed 830,000 people….What were the world's deadliest earthquakes?
| Ranking | 1 |
|---|---|
| Location | Shaanxi, China |
| Year | 1556 |
| Estimated death toll | 830,000 |
| Earthquake magnitude | 8 |
•Oct 5, 2018