Who initiated the revolution from above?
In November 1927, Joseph Stalin launched his “revolution from above” by setting two extraordinary goals for Soviet domestic policy: rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.
Who led the revolution in Chile?
The revolution in La Serena was led by Pedro Pablo Muñoz, the brothers Antonio and Ignacio Alfonso, and other notable residents of the city, who organized a revolutionary militia of 600 men from La Serena, Ovalle and Illapel.
Who took over Chile?
The territory of Chile has been populated since at least 3000 BC. By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory was a colony between 1540 and 1818, when it gained independence from Spain.
What did Pinochet do for Chile?
On 11 September 1973, Pinochet seized power in Chile in a coup d'état, with the support of the U.S., that toppled Allende's democratically elected left-wing Unidad Popular government and ended civilian rule.
Why is it called revolution from above?
A revolution from above refers to major political and social changes that are imposed by an elite on the population it dominates. It usually occurs in urban areas in the capital city.
What was the revolution from above Germany?
The revolution of November 1918 was a consequence of the military defeat of the German Empire in the First World War and was triggered by the naval mutiny at the beginning of November 1918. Within only a few days this insurgency spread throughout the Empire with no appreciable resistance from the old order.
What started the Chile revolution?
One of the catalysts for the first phase of the independence struggle in Chile, was the abdication of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII in Spain. Their replacement by the French monarch Joseph Bonapart caused instability in The Captaincy General of Chile, as it did in other regions.
How did the Chilean Revolution start?
Chile's de facto independence in 1810 came about as a result of a number of factors, including a corrupt governor, the French occupation of Spain and growing sentiment for independence.
Who was Chile’s first leader?
Government Juntas (1810–1814)
| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Junta | Fernando Márquez de la Plata (1740–1818) | 4 July 1811 |
| 2 Junta | Juan Antonio Ovalle (1750–1819) | 20 July 1811 |
| Martín Calvo Encalada (1756–1828) | 11 August 1811 | |
| 3 Junta | 4 September 1811 |
Who first discovered Chile?
Ferdinand Magellan The first European to discover Chile was Ferdinand Magellan, in 1520, following the passage in the Strait which bears his name on a wall, at the southern tip of Latin America.
What does Pinochet mean?
Pinochet Ugarte (ˈpiːnəˌʃeɪ uˈɡɑːteɪ) / (ˈpiːnəˌʃeɪ) / noun. Augusto (auˈɣusto). 1915-2006, Chilean general and statesman; president of Chile (1974–90) following his overthrow of Allende (1973): charged (2001) with murder and kidnapping but found unfit to stand trial.
Is Pinochet still alive?
December 10, 2006Augusto Pinochet Ugarte / Date of death
What is revolution from below?
The phrase was coined by the Spanish writer Joaquín Costa in the 19th century. In contrast, a "revolution from below" refers to a grassroots campaign against elites.
What was the revolution from below?
The phrase was coined by the Spanish writer Joaquín Costa in the 19th century. In contrast, a "revolution from below" refers to a grassroots campaign against elites.
What prompted the revolution in 1918?
Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
Who liberated Chile from Spain?
One of the most-dramatic chapters in the 19th-century struggle for Latin American independence from Spanish rule occurred 200 years ago, in January and February 1817, when the liberation of Chile was won by the improbable crossing of the Andes Mountains by a force of revolutionaries under the command of José de San …
What did Jose de San Martin do to help the independence movement?
Distinguishing himself with the army in Spain, San Martin returned to his continent of birth in 1812 intent on helping the revolutionary governments there. San Martin did just that, securing Argentinian independence and liberating Chile and Peru from Spanish rule in part through a daring march across the Andes.
Who founded Chile?
In 1541, a Spaniard, Pedro de Valdivia, marched into Chile founded Santiago. The colony would provide substantial mineral and agricultural value, but its remoteness would make it difficult to protect from raids by local amerindian nations and by the English.
Who was leader before Pinochet?
Presidency of Salvador Allende
| Presidency of Salvador Allende 3 November 1970 – 11 September 1973 | |
| President | Salvador Allende |
| Party | Popular Unity |
| Seat | La Moneda Palace, Santiago |
| Pinochet administration → |
Why did US overthrow Chile?
They feared that Allende would push Chile into socialism, and therefore lose all of the US investments made in Chile. On 15 September 1970; before Allende took office, Richard Nixon gave the order to overthrow Allende.
Who founded Santiago Chile?
conquistador Pedro de Valdivia The city was founded as Santiago del Nuevo Extremo (“Santiago of the New Frontier”) in 1541 by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. The area was inhabited by the Picunche Indians, who were placed under the rule of the Spanish settlers.
Why is Chile called Chile?
The origin of the name “Chile” may come from the indigenous Aimara word “chili", meaning “where the land ends.” It could also be based on the Mapuche imitation of a bird call which sounds like “cheele cheele."
Who put Pinochet in power?
1973 Chilean coup d'état
| Date | 11 September 1973 |
|---|---|
| Location | Chile |
| Action | Armed forces put the country under military control. Little and unorganised civil resistance. |
| Result | Popular Unity government overthrown Death of Salvador Allende Military Junta Government led by General Augusto Pinochet assumed power |
Did the US help Pinochet?
Regarding Pinochet's rise to power, the CIA concluded in a report issued in 2000 that: "The CIA actively supported the military junta after the overthrow of Allende but did not assist Pinochet to assume the Presidency." However, the 2000 report also stated that: "The major CIA effort against Allende came earlier in …
Who led the November revolution?
| October Revolution | |
|---|---|
| Bolsheviks Petrograd Soviet Left SRs Red Guards | Russian Republic |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Vladimir Lenin Leon Trotsky Nikolai Podvoisky Vladimir Ovseyenko Pavel Dybenko Joseph Stalin | Alexander Kerensky Pyotr Krasnov |
| Strength |
Who liberated chili?
One of the most-dramatic chapters in the 19th-century struggle for Latin American independence from Spanish rule occurred 200 years ago, in January and February 1817, when the liberation of Chile was won by the improbable crossing of the Andes Mountains by a force of revolutionaries under the command of José de San …
How did Chile get independence from Spain?
Napoleon's French armies invaded Spain in 1808 and captured the Spanish monarch, Ferdinand VII. The invasion sparked revolutionary movements in Spain's American colonies. Chilean revolutionaries declared Chile's independence on September 18, 1810.
What was José de San Martín known for?
José de San Martín, (born February 25, 1778, Yapeyú, viceroyalty of Río de la Plata (now in Argentina)—died August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France), Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero who helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina (1812), Chile (1818), and Peru (1821).
How did Martin lead the revolution?
Distinguishing himself with the army in Spain, San Martin returned to his continent of birth in 1812 intent on helping the revolutionary governments there. San Martin did just that, securing Argentinian independence and liberating Chile and Peru from Spanish rule in part through a daring march across the Andes.
Who was the first ruler of Chile?
President of Chile
| President of the Republic of Chile | |
|---|---|
| Inaugural holder | Manuel Blanco Encalada |
| Formation | 9 June 1826 |
| Deputy | Minister of the Interior and Public Security (as ex officio "Vice-President") |
| Salary | US$190,466 annually |