Who was known for his policy of massive retaliation?
History. The idea of "massive retaliation" was first formally articulated by the Eisenhower administration Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in a speech on January 12, 1954.
What was John Foster Dulles known for?
John Foster Dulles, (born Feb. 25, 1888, Washington, D.C.—died May 24, 1959, Washington, D.C.), U.S. secretary of state (1953–59) under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was the architect of many major elements of U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War with the Soviet Union after World War II.
Who came up with brinkmanship?
John Foster Dulles Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by the American politician Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as "going to the brink" during an interview with US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles during the Eisenhower administration.
What were the policies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship?
Brinkmanship indicated a willingness to go to the very brink of war, including the determination to use nuclear weapons, to force a belligerent country to back down. Massive retaliation referred to American readiness to use its large nuclear arsenal to stop aggression.
What was Gorbachev’s policy?
Perestroika and glasnost Gorbachev emphasized the need of a faster political personnel turnover and of a policy of democratization that opened the political elections to multiple candidates and to non-party members.
What were Eisenhower’s policies?
In domestic affairs, Eisenhower supported a policy of "modern Republicanism" that occupied a middle ground between liberal Democrats and the conservative wing of the Republican Party. Eisenhower continued New Deal programs, expanded Social Security, and prioritized a balanced budget over tax cuts.
Who was John Foster Dulles quizlet?
John Foster Dulles served as U.S. Secretary of State under Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against Communism throughout the world.
What kind of foreign policy did Dulles first call for?
(The Eisenhower Doctrine was an expression of the key tenets of Dulles's foreign policy views: containment and international mutual security agreements reinforced by economic aid.) Dulles was also the first Secretary of State to be directly accessible to the media and to hold the first Department press conferences.
Who was involved in brinksmanship?
62 – 28.10. 62), a 13-day conflict between the US, USSR and Cuba. The USA and the USSR, each armed with nuclear weapons, both practiced brinkmanship during this conflict.
Who used brinkmanship in the Cold War?
During the Cold War, Dulles orchestrated a strategy known as "brinkmanship." Brinkmanship is the practice of forcing a confrontation in order to achieve a desired out-come; in the Cold War, brinkmanship meant using nuclear weapons as a deterrent to communist expansion around the world.
What was the policy of brinksmanship quizlet?
What was the policy of brinkmanship? The policy of brinksmanship is a policy of willingness to go to the edge of war in order to make an opponent concede.
What was Eisenhower’s foreign policy called?
Under the policy, known as the Eisenhower Doctrine, any Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression.
What is Gorbachev known for?
Mikhail Gorbachev was a Soviet politician. Gorbachev served as the last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–91) as well as the last president of the Soviet Union (1990–91). Both as general secretary and as president, Gorbachev supported democratic reforms.
What was Gorbachev’s glasnost policy?
Glasnost was taken to mean increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union (USSR). Glasnost reflected a commitment of the Gorbachev administration to allowing Soviet citizens to discuss publicly the problems of their system and potential solutions.
What was Dwight Eisenhower known for?
ər/; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe, and achieved the five-star rank of General of the Army.
Who was Nikita Khrushchev quizlet?
*Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971) led the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War, serving as premier from 1958 to 1964. *he initiated a process of "de-Stalinization" that made Soviet society less repressive.
What is massive retaliation quizlet?
Massive Retaliation 1950s. – "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy.
When was the massive retaliation?
January 1954 The strategy that emerged from those considerations became known as “massive retaliation,” following a speech made by U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in January 1954, when he declared that in the future a U.S. response to aggression would be “at places and with means of our own choosing.” That doctrine was …
What was the policy of massive retaliation quizlet?
The policy of massive retaliation promised a strong response to Soviet threats against allies, but without the use of nuclear weapons. The initials CIA stand for Central Intelligence Agency. Brinkmanship described the tactic of promoting peace by always being well prepared for war.
What did Kennedy think of the policy of massive retaliation?
John F. Kennedy campaigned against President Eisenhower's New Look policy by claiming that massive retaliation, which promised a massive nuclear retaliation to any act of aggression, was unrealistic.
Who led the Warsaw Pact?
Warsaw Pact
| The Warsaw Pact in 1990 | |
|---|---|
| Membership | Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Soviet Union |
| Supreme Commander | Ivan Konev (first) Pyotr Lushev (last) |
| Chief of Combined Staff | Aleksei Antonov (first) Vladimir Lobov (last) |
| Affiliations | Council for Mutual Economic Assistance |
Why did Eisenhower use brinkmanship?
Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States. He used his policy of brinkmanship to help win his campaign for president. During his presidency(1953-1959) Eisenhower was highly against communism; he told the United States public that he would use brinkmanship to control the spread of it.
Who is Mao Zedong quizlet?
Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China. He is most known for the Mao Zedong Thought which is a marxist-leninist view of things. He led the Chinese Communist party and won the civil war.
What was Eisenhower’s foreign policy quizlet?
The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war.
What was Kennedy’s foreign policy called?
policy of containment Kennedy's foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests in the global state of tension known as the Cold War. Like his predecessors, Kennedy adopted the policy of containment, which purported to stop the spread of Communism.
What is Nikita Khrushchev known for?
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April (O.S. 3 April) 1894 – 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964.
Who was Gorbachev quizlet?
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved.
Who was called glasnost?
In the mid-1980s, it was popularised by Mikhail Gorbachev as a political slogan for increased government transparency in the Soviet Union.
What did Mikhail Gorbachev do?
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician. The eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, he was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991.
Why is Eisenhower called Ike?
All of the boys were nicknamed "Ike", such as "Big Ike" (Edgar) and "Little Ike" (Eisenhower); the nickname was intended as an abbreviation of their last name. By World War II, only Eisenhower was still called "Ike". In 1892, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas, which Eisenhower considered his hometown.