Why was the Marina District of San Francisco heavily damaged in the 1906 earthquake in the 1989 Loma Prieta quake?
Why was the Marina District of San Francisco heavily damaged in the 1906 earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta quake? Liquefaction and foundation failures were common. Which of the following is directly related to the Richter earthquake-magnitude rating?
Why was the Marina District San Francisco heavily damaged in the 1989 earthquake quizlet?
Why was the Marina District, San Francisco, heavily damaged in the 1906 and 1989 quakes? Liquefaction and foundation failures were common. ________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.
When was the last major earthquake in San Francisco?
On October 17, 1989, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake hit the San Francisco Bay Area, killing 67 people and causing more than $5 billion in damages. On October 17, 1989, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake hit the San Francisco Bay Area, killing 67 people and causing more than $5 billion in damages.
What foundation materials is most stable during earthquake shaking?
These ground motions can damage building foundations in a matter of minutes, causing severe injuries and deaths. Building a structure to withstand seismic waves starts with the right materials with the right properties, and steel is by far the most widely used material for building earthquake-resistant buildings.
Why did the Marina District of San Francisco suffer heavy damage from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake with its epicenter located 50 miles away from San Francisco?
The Marina District was the part of San Francisco most heavily damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake because it was built on uncompacted, sandy ground in an area with a shallow water table.
What was the damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?
More than 3,000 people perished and more than 28,000 buildings were destroyed in the disaster. Additionally, some 250,000 of San Francisco's residents were made homeless. Damages were estimated at around $500 million (in 1906 dollars).
Why was building damage so extensive in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake quizlet?
Why was building damage so extensive in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake? Much of the city is built on filled-in, shallow lakes and swampland. What is the direct measure of the distance from a seismic receiving station to the focus of a distant earthquake?
What are the most destructive seismic waves?
Of the two types of surface waves, the L-waves are the most destructive. They can literally move the ground beneath a building faster than the building itself can respond, effectively shearing the base off of the rest of the building.
What caused San Francisco Earthquake 1906?
The earthquake occurred as a result of a shift along the San Andreas Fault, which bisects the San Francisco Peninsula just to the west of the city. The land on the eastern side of the fault, including the city and San Francisco Bay, moved southward, while the land on the western side was pushed northward.
Which floor is safest during an earthquake?
Third floor or higher – it is impossible to get out of the building in time during an earthquake. Therefore, for those on the third floor of a building or higher, with a MAMAD, MAMAK or MAMAM on the floor that can be reached in a few seconds – these spaces are the safest place to stay in.
Why do buildings collapse during an earthquake?
If the earthquake vibrations push on a building at or near its natural frequency, it will begin to resonate, which causes the building to move with greater amplitude until some part of the building collapses or fails and the building falls apart. 5.
What tectonic plates caused the San Francisco earthquake 1989?
The Fault. The San Andreas Fault is the boundary between the North American plate and the Pacific plate.
What caused the San Francisco earthquake 1906?
The earthquake occurred as a result of a shift along the San Andreas Fault, which bisects the San Francisco Peninsula just to the west of the city. The land on the eastern side of the fault, including the city and San Francisco Bay, moved southward, while the land on the western side was pushed northward.
What caused the most damage in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?
It has been estimated that up to 90% of the total destruction was the result of the subsequent fires. Within three days, over 30 fires, caused by ruptured gas mains, destroyed approximately 25,000 buildings on 490 city blocks.
Why was building damage so expensive in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake?
Why was building damage so extensive in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake? Much of the city is built on filled-in, shallow lakes and swampland. What is the direct measure of the distance from a seismic receiving station to the focus of a distant earthquake?
Why seismic waves cause a lot of damage?
S waves are more dangerous than P waves because they have greater amplitude and produce vertical and horizontal motion of the ground surface. The slowest waves, surface waves, arrive last. They travel only along the surface of the Earth.
What are the damages caused by seismic waves?
The vibrations from an earthquake can lead to ground displacement and surface rupture. The surface rupture can cause other hazards, as well as damage to roads and buildings. In this example, the surface rupture has caused large cracks and the collapse of a paved road.
What happened in San Francisco 1906?
On the morning of April 18, 1906, a massive earthquake shook San Francisco, California. Though the quake lasted less than a minute, its immediate impact was disastrous. The earthquake also ignited several fires around the city that burned for three days and destroyed nearly 500 city blocks.
Is it safe to stay in bed during an earthquake?
Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures, or furniture. If you're in bed when the earthquake strikes, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow.
Is it safe to go under the bed during an earthquake?
0:121:54When You’re in Bed (Earthquake Safety Video Series) – YouTubeYouTube
What are the two main causes of building collapse?
The main reason for collapsing the building is its foundation. Earthquakes and any other natural disaster also are some of the reasons of collapsing of the building.
What are the factors that affect the amount of destruction caused by seismic shaking?
Ground shaking is the primary cause of earthquake damage to man-made structures. Many factors influence the strength of earthquake shaking at a site including the earthquake's magnitude, the site's proximity to the fault, the local geology, and the soil type.
What kind of fault caused the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?
The earthquake occurred as a result of a shift along the San Andreas Fault, which bisects the San Francisco Peninsula just to the west of the city. The land on the eastern side of the fault, including the city and San Francisco Bay, moved southward, while the land on the western side was pushed northward.
What causes an earthquake such as the one that occurred in San Francisco in 1906?
What causes an earthquake such as the one that occurred in San Francisco in 1906? As plates move, stress builds up at the boundary. When the boundary eventually snaps, energy is released as an earthquake.
What likely caused much of the damage shown in this photograph in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?
What likely caused much of the damage shown in this photograph in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake? They compress and then expand the rock in the direction the wave travels.
How did the 1906 earthquake affect San Francisco?
Despite a quick response from San Francisco's large military population, the city was devastated. The earthquake and fires killed an estimated 3,000 people and left half of the city's 400,000 residents homeless.
What damage was caused by the Mexico City earthquake?
The event caused between three and four billion USD in damage as 412 buildings collapsed and another 3,124 were seriously damaged in the city.
Why did many of the taller and shorter buildings escape serious damage?
Because the 1985 earthquake struck 250 miles away from Mexico City, such high-frequency motion faded by the time the shaking arrived in the capital city. As a result, short buildings escaped major damage and were able to survive until a closer earthquake struck, as it did on Tuesday.
What are the damages of seismic waves?
They can easily destroy buildings in their path, or block roads and railroad lines, or take hilltop homes with them as they tumble. They even can dam rivers on occasion, like in the 17 August 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake (magnitude 7.1) in Montana.
What type of seismic waves cause the most damage?
Seismic waves can be classified into two basic types: body waves which travel through the Earth and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Those waves that are the most destructive are the surface waves which generally have the strongest vibration.