Where is the ATP produced during photosynthesis?
stroma side ATP and NADPH are produced on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane, where they can be used by the Calvin cycle.
Where does ATP production occur in the chloroplast?
The chloroplast adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase is located in the thylakoid membrane and synthesizes ATP from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate at the expense of the electrochemical proton gradient formed by light-dependent electron flow.
How is ATP formed in plants?
Plants, through the process of photosynthesis, make use of the sunlight to energise and generate glucose through the available water and carbon dioxide. This glucose through pathways can be converted into pyruvate. Through cellular respiration, pyruvate in turn gives ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Is ATP produced in photosystem 1 or 2?
This is accomplished by the use of two different photosystems in the light reactions of photosynthesis, one to generate ATP and the other to generate NADPH. Electrons are transferred sequentially between the two photosystems, with photosystem I acting to generate NADPH and photosystem II acting to generate ATP.
What is ATP and where is it produced?
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.
Is ATP synthesized in chloroplast?
The chloroplast adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase uses the electrochemical proton gradient generated by photosynthesis to produce ATP, the energy currency of all cells. Protons conducted through the membrane-embedded Fo motor drive ATP synthesis in the F1 head by rotary catalysis.
What happens to ATP in photosynthesis?
A level biologists need to know the structure of ATP, its uses and its role in biological processes. In photosynthesis energy is transferred to ATP in the light-dependent stage and the ATP is utilised during synthesis in the light-independent stage. Students should know in detail the chemical process of photosynthesis.
What does photosystem 2 do in photosynthesis?
Photosystem II is the first link in the chain of photosynthesis. It captures photons and uses the energy to extract electrons from water molecules.
What is produced in photosystem 2?
Photosystem II is the first membrane protein complex in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms in nature. It produces atmospheric oxygen to catalyze the photo-oxidation of water by using light energy. It oxidizes two molecules of water into one molecule of molecular oxygen.
How is ATP synthesized during photosynthesis?
In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the "standard" form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP .
Where is ATP found?
ATP is made in the mitochondria, which are the organelles in the cell where cellular respiration takes place. This is why mitochondria are often referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”.
Is ATP synthase found in the thylakoid membrane?
Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase The ATP synthases comprise a very large group of highly conserved enzymes that are found in the bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, and the inner membranes of mitochondria.
In which part of mitochondria ATP is synthesized?
So, the correct option is 'At the cristae'
How is ATP produced in photosynthesis and respiration?
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.
How does photosystem 2 generate ATP?
In Photosystem II which also called water- plastoquinone oxidoreductase, the generated hydrogen ions help to create a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP, and the transferred energized electrons are used to reduce 2NADP+ to 2NADPH.
Is ATP produced in photosystem 1?
This is accomplished by the use of two different photosystems in the light reactions of photosynthesis, one to generate ATP and the other to generate NADPH. Electrons are transferred sequentially between the two photosystems, with photosystem I acting to generate NADPH and photosystem II acting to generate ATP.
Is ATP the product of photosystem 1?
Electrons from water molecules replace the ones lost by photosystem II. 4. ATP is the product of photosystem I.
How ATP is made by the thylakoid membrane in photophosphorylation?
Protons diffuse out of the thylakoid lumen through the enzyme, ATP synthase, producing ATP in the process. Once the electron reaches PSI, it joins its chlorophyll a special pair and re-excited by the absorption of light.
What is ATP in photosynthesis?
Likewise, plants capture and store the energy they derive from light during photosynthesis in ATP molecules. ATP is a nucleotide consisting of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is attached to three phosphate groups.
How is ATP synthesized in chloroplast?
The chloroplast ATP synthase uses the electrochemical proton gradient generated by photosynthesis to produce ATP, the energy currency of all cells. Protons conducted through the membrane-embedded Fo motor drive ATP synthesis in the F1 head by rotary catalysis.
Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
inner mitochondrial membrane Human mitochondrial (mt) ATP synthase, or complex V consists of two functional domains: F1, situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and Fo, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the ATP in photosynthesis?
Likewise, plants capture and store the energy they derive from light during photosynthesis in ATP molecules. ATP is a nucleotide consisting of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is attached to three phosphate groups.
How ATP and NADPH are formed during photosynthesis?
The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts.
What is made in photosystem 1?
Photosystem I is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by Photosystem I are used to produce the moderate-energy hydrogen carrier NADPH.
How is ATP generated in the thylakoid?
ATP is produced as a result of the light-driven photosynthetic reactions in the thylakoid membrane and mainly is utilized in the carbon fixation reactions occurring in the soluble stroma.
How is ATP produced in mitochondria and chloroplast?
Introduction. In plant cells, chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy, and mitochondria consume the chemical energy to produce ATP. The optimal carbon fixation and plant growth require these two energy-transforming organelles to perform strictly coordinated actions.
Which part of the thylakoid is responsible for ATP production?
ATP is produced on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane, so it is released into the stroma.
What is produced in the thylakoid?
ATP Synthesis ATP is produced from both Photosystem I and Photosystem II. Thylakoids synthesize ATP using an ATP synthase enzyme that is similar to mitochondrial ATPase.
How is ATP generated in chloroplasts during photosynthesis?
In an intact chloroplast with thylakoid membranes, ATP is generated by an electron flow along the cytochrome transport system. Since the electrons are being transported to other "carrier" molecules, their energy is used to generate ATP and no reddish glow is emitted.
Where is ATP produced in mitochondria?
Most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesized during glucose metabolism is produced in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation. This is a complex reaction powered by the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is generated by mitochondrial respiration.