What type of mantle rock produces basaltic magma?
In general more siliceous magmas form by low degrees of partial melting. As the degree of partial melting increases, less siliceous compositions can be generated. So, melting a mafic source thus yields a felsic or intermediate magma. Melting of ultramafic (peridotite source) yields a basaltic magma.
Can partial melting of a basaltic rock produce a basaltic magma?
The partial melt contains both liquid and crystals that need a higher temperature to melt. The liquid can be separated from the crystals, forming basaltic magma.
How does partial melting of mantle rocks at divergent plate margins produce basaltic magma?
The rise in temperature allows partial melting in the aesthenosphere, generating hot, runny basalt magmas that are typical of this kind of volcanism, As the plate moves over the static Hot Spot beneath, so the volcanic centre at the surface appears to change position over time forming, in the case of Hawaii, a chain of …
What is the origin of basaltic magma?
Basaltic magmas within Earth are thought to originate from the upper mantle. The chemistry of basalts thus provides clues to processes deep in Earth's interior.
What magma forms basalt?
Viscosity of Magmas
| Summary Table | ||
|---|---|---|
| Magma Type | Solidified Rock | Chemical Composition |
| Basaltic | Basalt | 45-55 SiO2 %, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na |
| Andesitic | Andesite | 55-65 SiO2 %, intermediate in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K |
| Rhyolitic | Rhyolite | 65-75 SiO2 %, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na. |
Sep 14, 2015
What type of volcano has basaltic magma?
Shield volcanoes Shield volcanoes are formed by basaltic magma, typically above a mantle plume, whereas the stratovolcanoes (sometimes referred to as composite volcanoes) are formed by andesitic/rhyolitic magma.
What type of magma is made by partial melting?
Partial melting also occurs as existing crustal rocks melt in the presence of heat from magmas. In this process, existing rocks melt, allowing the magma formed to be more felsic and less mafic than the pre-existing rock.
What type of magma is basaltic?
Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium. It ranges in temperature from about 1000oC to 1200oC (1832oF to 2192oF). Andesitic magma has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800oC to 1000oC (1472oF to 1832oF).
How was basalt formed?
Basalts are formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava, equivalent to gabbro-norite magma, from interior of the crust and exposed at or very close to the surface of Earth. These basalt flows are quite thick and extensive, in which gas cavities are almost absent.
How basalt is formed?
Basalts are formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava, equivalent to gabbro-norite magma, from interior of the crust and exposed at or very close to the surface of Earth. These basalt flows are quite thick and extensive, in which gas cavities are almost absent.
What type of rock is basalt?
Basalt is a hard, black volcanic rock. Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust. Depending on how it is erupted, basalt can be hard and massive (Figure 1) or crumbly and full of bubbles (Figure 2).
What are basaltic volcanoes?
Basaltic volcanoes are characterized by persistent periods of activity ranging from effusive lava flows to explosive eruptions with variable intensity (i.e., lava fountains to high-intensity, short-lasting paroxysmal events), each posing different types of potential threats to the local population.
What is basalt rocks?
basalt, extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock that is low in silica content, dark in colour, and comparatively rich in iron and magnesium. basalt.
What relations does basaltic magma have with partial melting processes?
Therefore, partial melting and generation of basaltic magma can begin in response to horizontal extension that thins the lithosphere and allows the asthenosphere to move upward, such as in well-developed continental rifts .
Which rocks form from partial melting of continental rocks?
igneous rocks Virtually all of the igneous rocks that we see on Earth are derived from magmas that formed from partial melting of existing rock, either in the upper mantle or the crust.
What type of rock is basalt made of?
basalt, extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock that is low in silica content, dark in colour, and comparatively rich in iron and magnesium. Some basalts are quite glassy (tachylytes), and many are very fine-grained and compact.
Does basalt come from the mantle?
Basalt is a type of lava that the rocks of the mantle make when they start to melt.
What type of rock is basalt igneous sedimentary or metamorphic?
igneous rocks Formation of igneous rocks When magma reaches the Earth's surface, usually through a volcano, it is called lava and it cools quickly, rocks formed by this process are known as extrusive igneous rock e.g. basalt. Igneous rocks may have been metamorphic or sedimentary rocks before melted and reforming magma.
How is basalt produced?
Basalts are formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava, equivalent to gabbro-norite magma, from interior of the crust and exposed at or very close to the surface of Earth. These basalt flows are quite thick and extensive, in which gas cavities are almost absent.
Is basalt igneous sedimentary or metamorphic?
Igneous rock Igneous rock is formed when magma or lava from volcanoes cools. Examples include basalt and granite.
What kind of magma is made the partial melting of mantle peridotite?
most basaltic magma originates from partial melting of ultramafic rock (peridotite).
What is basalt formed from?
Basalts are formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava, equivalent to gabbro-norite magma, from interior of the crust and exposed at or very close to the surface of Earth. These basalt flows are quite thick and extensive, in which gas cavities are almost absent.
What rock type is basalt?
Basalt is a hard, black volcanic rock. Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust. Depending on how it is erupted, basalt can be hard and massive (Figure 1) or crumbly and full of bubbles (Figure 2).
What type of igneous rock is basalt?
Basalts are common aphanitic igneous extrusive (volcanic) rocks. Basalts are composed of minute grains of plagioclase feldspar (generally labradorite), pyroxene, olivine, biotite, hornblende and <20% quartz.
How partial melting of a mantle plume produces magma?
Magma from partial melting of mantle rocks rises upward through the mantle, and may pool at the base of the crust, or rise through the crust. Moving magma carries heat with it, and some of that heat is transferred to surrounding rocks.
Which of the following describes the way how basaltic magma can generate felsic magma?
Which of the following describes the way how basaltic magma can generate felsic magma? In continental settings, rising basaltic magma can melt low-density silica-rich rocks generating a secondary melt of felsic magma.
Is basalt mafic or felsic?
mafic Granite and rhyolite are considered felsic, while basalt and gabbro are mafic (click here for more information on mafic and felsic). Felsic rocks, in general, form the bulk of the continental plates, while mafic basalt forms the seafloor.
What is basalt made of?
Basalts are composed of minute grains of plagioclase feldspar (generally labradorite), pyroxene, olivine, biotite, hornblende, and less than 20% quartz. The mineral nepheline or leucite may associate or proxy the feldspar giving rise to verities with special names.
Is basaltic mafic?
The class of rock which crystallizes from silicate minerals at relatively high temperatures is sometimes referred to as "mafic" rock. It is also sometimes called basaltic since the class includes basalt and gabbro. It is in a high temperature range of the Bowen reaction series.