Which layer of earth has convection currents that move the tectonic plates?
the mantle The Lithosphere: The Earth's surface is made of tectonic plates. These plates are moved around by the convection currents within the mantle.
Which layer is responsible for moving tectonic plates?
These plates lie on top of a partially molten layer of rock called the asthenosphere. Due to the convection of the asthenosphere and lithosphere, the plates move relative to each other at different rates, from two to 15 centimeters (one to six inches) per year.
Which layer does mantle convection occur?
The heat rising from the Earth's core creates convection currents in the plastic layer of the mantle (asthenosphere).
Do convection currents occur in the lithosphere?
The Earth's lithosphere is in a state of flux; convection currents in the mantle continuously forms new oceanic lithosphere along mid-oceanic ridges.
Where are convection currents found on?
Convection currents are identified in Earth's mantle. Heated mantle material is shown rising from deep inside the mantle, while cooler mantle material sinks, creating a convection current. It is thought that this type of current is responsible for the movements of the plates of Earth's crust.
Where does convection occur?
Convection occurs when heat is transferred through a gas or liquid by the hotter material moving into a cooler area.
What is convection currents in the Earth’s mantle?
Convection currents are the movement of fluid as a result of differential heating or convection. In the case of the Earth, convection currents refer to the motion of molten rock in the mantle as radioactive decay heats up magma, causing it to rise and driving the global-scale flow of magma.
Where does convection occur at?
Convection occurs on a large scale in atmospheres, oceans, planetary mantles, and it provides the mechanism of heat transfer for a large fraction of the outermost interiors of our sun and all stars. Fluid movement during convection may be invisibly slow, or it may be obvious and rapid, as in a hurricane.
How does convection occur in the troposphere?
The uneven heating of the regions of the troposphere by the sun ( the sun warms the air at the equator more than the air at the poles )causes convection currents, large-scale patterns of winds that move heat and moisture around the globe.
How does convection occur in Earth’s mantle?
The mantle is heated from below (the core), and in areas that are hotter it rises upwards (it is buoyant), whereas in areas that are cooler it sink down. This results in convection cells in the mantle, and produces horizontal motion of mantle material close to the Earth surface.
What occurs in the stratosphere?
The Stratosphere It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. The increase in temperature with height occurs because of absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by this ozone. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole.
What happens in the stratosphere?
The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground. The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting the UV energy into heat.
What occurs in the troposphere?
The lowest portion of the atmosphere is the troposphere, a layer where temperature generally decreases with height. This layer contains most of Earth's clouds and is the location where weather primarily occurs. The layers of Earth's atmosphere, with a yellow line showing the air temperature at various heights.
What occurs in the mesosphere?
Most meteors vaporize in the mesosphere. Some material from meteors lingers in the mesosphere, causing this layer to have a relatively high concentration of iron and other metal atoms.
What is in the thermosphere?
In the upper thermosphere, atomic oxygen (O), atomic nitrogen (N), and helium (He) are the main components of air. Much of the X-ray and UV radiation from the Sun is absorbed in the thermosphere. When the Sun is very active and emits more high-energy radiation, the thermosphere gets hotter and expands or "puffs up".
What occurs in the thermosphere?
The layer of very rare air above the mesosphere is called the thermosphere. High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed in the thermosphere, raising its temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees. However, the air in this layer is so thin that it would feel freezing cold to us!
What is found in the thermosphere layer?
In the upper thermosphere, atomic oxygen (O), atomic nitrogen (N), and helium (He) are the main components of air. Much of the X-ray and UV radiation from the Sun is absorbed in the thermosphere. When the Sun is very active and emits more high-energy radiation, the thermosphere gets hotter and expands or "puffs up".
What is in the stratosphere layer?
The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground. The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting the UV energy into heat.
What occurs in the exosphere?
Exosphere. This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere. It extends from the top of the thermosphere to 6,200 miles (10,000 km ) above the earth. In this layer, atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth.
What is the thermosphere layer?
The thermosphere is the second highest layer of Earth's atmosphere and extends from the mesopause (which separates it from the mesosphere) at an altitude of approximately 260,000ft up to the thermopause at an altitude that ranges from 1,600,000 to 3,300,000ft.
What happens in the exosphere layer?
Exosphere. This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere. It extends from the top of the thermosphere to 6,200 miles (10,000 km ) above the earth. In this layer, atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth.
What happens in the thermosphere?
In the upper thermosphere, atomic oxygen (O), atomic nitrogen (N), and helium (He) are the main components of air. Much of the X-ray and UV radiation from the Sun is absorbed in the thermosphere. When the Sun is very active and emits more high-energy radiation, the thermosphere gets hotter and expands or "puffs up".
What is troposphere layer?
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, ranging from the Earth's surface to an altitude of about 10–15 km, depending on latitude and time of year.
What is the stratosphere layer?
The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. The troposphere, the lowest layer, is right below the stratosphere. The next higher layer above the stratosphere is the mesosphere.
What happens in the troposphere?
We humans live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer. Most clouds appear here, mainly because 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the troposphere. Air pressure drops, and temperatures get colder, as you climb higher in the troposphere.