Why are carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods?
Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered high-energy foods? They contain many electrons associated with hydrogen atoms. The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol.
Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon as CO2 from a molecule of pyruvate?
Bio Test 2 CH 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of pyruvate? | acetyl CoA |
| Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle? | NADH and FADH2 |
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as a result of an oxidation reduction reaction?
Mrs Bayles AP Biology ch. 9 and 10 MC questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, he molecule becomes… | oxidized. |
| When of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom the molecule becomes… | reduced. |
What event takes place in the electron transport chain?
The events of the electron transport chain involve NADH and FADH, which act as electron transporters as they flow through the inner membrane space. In complex I, electrons are passed from NADH to the electron transport chain, where they flow through the remaining complexes. NADH is oxidized to NAD in this process.
Why are fats considered high energy compounds?
Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 calories, more than twice that supplied by proteins or carbohydrates. Because fats are such an efficient form of energy, the body stores any excess energy as fat.
What is considered high energy food?
High-energy foods will have a high nutrient content; examples include high-fat dairy products, eggs, fish and meat. For elderly with low appetites, small portion sizes should be served. It is therefore important in care settings to offer snacks between breakfast, lunch and dinner.
During which of the following metabolic processes is the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose released?
During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released? Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP.
Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration providing fuel for the cell?
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
What happens in oxidation-reduction redox reactions?
The oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between an electron donor (that becomes oxidized) and an electron acceptor (that becomes reduced).
What happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent electron donor in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction?
Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is option B. During a redox reaction, the reducing agent loses electrons, oxidizing it in the process.
Where is the respiration electron transport system located in a cell?
the mitochondria The respiratory electron transport system is located in the inner membrane layer of the mitochondria.
What is oxidative phosphorylation Slideshare?
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 is used to produce ATP. • A. Oxidation step: electron transport chain NADH + H+ + O2 NAD+ + H2O FADH2 + O2 FAD + H2O B. Phosphorylation step ADP + Pi ATP. 7.
Why are fats a better source of energy than carbohydrates quizlet?
Lipids store more energy because there is less oxygen in lipids. The hydrogen-oxygen ratio is greater so lipids have more energy than carbs.
How do carbohydrates store energy?
Metabolism. Dietary carbohydrates provide glucose that body cells can use for energy. Excess glucose beyond what the body needs for immediate energy is converted into glycogen, a storage form of carbohydrate, or converted into fat and stored in body fat cells.
Do carbohydrates provide energy?
Carbohydrates are the main energy source of the human diet. The metabolic disposal of dietary carbohydrates is direct oxidation in various tissues, glycogen synthesis (in liver and muscles), and hepatic de novo lipogenesis.
Does carbohydrates give you energy from food?
Foods high in carbohydrates are an important part of a healthy diet. Carbohydrates provide the body with glucose, which is converted to energy used to support bodily functions and physical activity.
Why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?
Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle.
What happens to the energy captured during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by the activated carriers NADH and FADH2?
the chemical energy captured but eh activated carriers during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is used to generate ATP. NADH and FADH2 transfer their high energy electrons to the electron-transport chain.
What happens to carbohydrates during cellular respiration?
Animals and other organisms obtain the energy available in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration. Cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm, and through a complex series of metabolic processes, they break down the carbohydrates and release the energy.
Which of these is broken down during cellular respiration to obtain energy?
glucose During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Energy released during the reaction is captured by the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Which term means a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between molecules?
Reactions in which electrons are transferred between atoms are known as oxidation reduction reactions, or redox reactions. In an oxidation reaction, a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becoming more positive in charge.
How does the presence of salts and acids accelerate the corrosion of metals?
The presence of salts and acids accelerates corrosion by producing conductive solutions that make electron transfer easier. A positive or negative number assigned to an atom to indicate its degree of oxidation or reduction; the oxidation number of an uncombined element is zero.
What process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
cellular respiration Cells convert glucose to ATP in a process called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration: process of turning glucose into energy In the form of ATP.
What happens in redox reactions A&P?
What happens in a Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reaction? Electrons are transferred from one reactant to another and the oxidation states/oxidation number of certain atoms are changed.
How are glycolysis TCA cycle and electron transport chain linked explain?
Glycolysis and the TCA cycle are linked by the linking reaction catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvic acid produced at the end of glycolysis is transported to the matrix of mitochondria, where it undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle.
How does the electron transport chain and the process of chemiosmosis work to form ATP?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.
What is glycolysis Slideshare?
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine …
What is electron transport chain biochemistry?
The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Why does fat provide the most energy?
Because one triglyceride molecule yields three fatty acid molecules with as much as 16 or more carbons in each one, fat molecules yield more energy than carbohydrates and are an important source of energy for the human body.
Why does fat provide more energy than carbohydrates or protein quizlet?
Lipids store more energy because there is less oxygen in lipids. The hydrogen-oxygen ratio is greater so lipids have more energy than carbs.